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俞洪敏100句背7000单词

1. Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent is the American antelope, or pronghorn.
美洲羚羊,或称叉角羚,是该大陆典型的草原动物。 
2. Of the millions who saw Haley’s comet in 1986, how many people will live long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century.
1986年看见哈雷慧星的千百万人当中,有多少人能够长寿到足以目睹它在二十一世纪的回归呢? 
3. Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions.
人类学家们已经发现,恐惧,快乐,悲伤和惊奇都会行之于色,这在全人类是共通的。 
4. Because of its irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.
由于苯酚对人体带有刺激性作用,它基本上已不再被当作常用的防腐剂了。 
5. In group to remain in existence, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable.
任何盈利组织若要生存,最终都必须生产出消费者可用或需要的产品。 
6. The greater the population there is in a locality, the greater the need there is for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.
一个地方的人口越多,其对水,交通和垃圾处理的需求就会越大。 
7. It is more difficult to write simply, directly, and effectively than to employ flowery but vague expressions that only obscure one’s meaning.
简明,直接,有力的写作难于花哨,含混而意义模糊的表达。 
8. With modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.
随着现代办公室的日益自动化,设计师们正试图利用较为温暖而不太严肃的内部装饰来使其具有亲切感。 
9. The difference between libel and slander is that libel is printed while slander is spoken.
诽谤和流言的区别在于前者是书面的,而后者是口头的。 
10. The knee is the joints where the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg.
膝盖是大腿骨和小腿胫的连接处。 
11. Acids are chemical compounds that, in water solution, have a sharp taste, a corrosive action on metals, and the ability to turn certain blue vegetable dyes red.
酸是一种化合物,它在溶于水时具有强烈的气味和对金属的腐蚀性,并且能够使某些蓝色植物染料变红。 
12. Billie Holiday’s reputation as a great jazz-blues singer rests on her ability to give emotional depth to her songs.
Billie Holiday’s作为一个爵士布鲁斯乐杰出歌手的名声建立在能够赋予歌曲感情深度的能力。 
13. Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of what is conceived to be reality.
理论在本质上是对认识了的现实的一种抽象和符号化的表达。 
14. Long before children are able to speak or understand a language, they communicate through facial expressions and by making noises.
儿童在能说或能听懂语言之前,很久就会通过面部表情和靠发出噪声来与人交流了。 
15. Thanks to modern irrigation, crops now grow abundantly in areas where once nothing but cacti and sagebrush could live.
受当代灌溉(技术设施)之赐,农作物在原来只有仙人掌和荞属科植物才能生存的地方旺盛的生长。 
16. The development of mechanical timepieces spurred the search for more accurate sundials with which to regulate them.
机械计时器的发展促使人们寻求更精确的日晷,以便校准机械计时器。 
17. Anthropology is a science in that anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and techniques to document observations that can be checked by others.
人类学是一门科学,因为人类学家采用一整套强有力的方法和技术来记录观测结果,而这样记录下来的观测结果是供他人核查的。 
18. Fungi are important in the process of decay, which returns ingredients to the soil, enhances soil fertility, and decomposes animal debris.
真菌在腐化过程中十分重要,而腐化过程将化学物质回馈于土壤,提高其肥力,并分解动物粪便。 
19. When it is struck, a tuning fork produces an almost pure tone, retaining its pitch over a long period of time.
音叉被敲击时,产生几乎纯质的音调,其音量经久不衰。 
20. Although pecans are most plentiful in the southeastern part of the United States, they are found as far north as Ohio and Illinois.
虽然美洲山河桃树最集中于美国的东南部但是在北至俄亥俄州及伊利诺州也能看见它们。 
21. Eliminating problems by transferring the blame to others is often called scape-goating.
用怪罪别人的办法来解决问题通常被称为寻找替罪羊。 
22. The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on what grows best in its climate and soil.
一个国家的主要食物是什么,大体取决于什么作物在其天气和土壤条件下生长得最好。 
23. Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event’s occurring is equal to the probability that it will not occur.
在大量的实验中,某一事件发生的几率等于它不发生的几率。 
24. Most substance contract when they freeze so that the density of a substance’s solid is higher than the density of its liquid.
大多数物质遇冷收缩,所以他们的密度在固态时高于液态。 
25. The mechanism by which brain cells store memories is not clearly understood.
大脑细胞储存记忆的机理并不为人明白。 
26. By the middle of the twentieth century, painters and sculptors in the United States had begun to exert a great worldwide influence over art.
到了二十一世纪中叶,美国画家和雕塑家开始在世界范围内对艺术产生重大影响。 
27. In the eastern part of New Jersey lies the city of Elizabeth, a major shipping and manufacturing center.
伊丽莎白市,一个重要的航运和制造业中心,坐落于新泽西州的东部。 
28. Elizabeth Blackwell, the first woman medical doctor in the United States, founded the New York Infirmary, an institution that has always had a completely female medical staff.
Elizabeth Blackwell,美国第一个女医生,创建了员工一直为女性纽约诊所。 
29. Alexander Graham Bell once told his family that he would rather be remembered as a teacher of the deaf than as the inventor of the telephone.
Alexander Graham Bell曾告诉家人,他更愿意让后人记住他是聋子的老师,而非电话的发明者。 
30. Because its leaves remain green long after being picked, rosemary became associated with the idea of remembrance.
采摘下的迷迭香树叶常绿不衰,因此人们把迷迭香树与怀念联系在一起。 
31. Although apparently rigid, bones exhibit a degree of elasticity that enables the skeleton to withstand considerable impact.
骨头看起来是脆硬的,但它也有一定的弹性,使得骨骼能够承受相当的打击。 
32. That xenon could not FORM chemical compounds was once believed by scientists.
科学家曾相信:氙气是不能形成化合物的。 
33. Research into the dynamics of storms is directed toward improving the ability to predict these events and thus to minimize damage and avoid loss of life.
对风暴动力学的研究是为了提高风暴预测从而减少损失,避免人员伤亡。 
34. The elimination of inflation would ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would have the same value as the amount of money borrowed.
消除通货膨胀应确保还贷的钱应与所贷款的价值相同。 
35. Futurism, an early twentieth-century movement in art, rejected all traditions and attempted to glorify contemporary life by emphasizing the machine and motion.
未来主义,二十世纪早期的一个艺术思潮。拒绝一切传统,试图通过强调机械和动态来美化生活。 
36. One of the wildest and most inaccessible parts of the United States is the Everglades where wildlife is abundant and largely protected.
Everglades是美国境内最为荒凉和人迹罕至的地区之一,此处有大量的野生动植物而且大多受(法律)保护。 
37. Lucretia Mott’s influence was so significant that she has been credited by some authorities as the originator of feminism in the United States.
Lucretia Mott’s的影响巨大,所以一些权威部门认定她为美国女权运动的创始人。 
38. The activities of the international marketing researcher are frequently much broader than those of the domestic marketer.
国际市场研究者的活动范围常常较国内市场研究者广阔。 
39. The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from those flowing into the Pacific.
大陆分水岭是指北美洛矶山脉上的一道想象线,该线把大西洋流域和太平洋流域区分开来。 
40. Studies of the gravity field of the Earth indicate that its crust and mantle yield when unusual weight is placed on them.
对地球引力的研究表明,在不寻常的负荷之下地壳和地幔会发生位移。 
41. The annual worth of Utah’s manufacturing is greater than that of its mining and farming combined.
尤它州制造业的年产值大于其工业和农业的总和。 
42. The wallflower is so called because its weak stems often grow on walls and along stony cliffs for support.
墙花之所以叫墙花,是因为其脆弱的枝干经常要靠墙壁或顺石崖生长,以便有所依附。 
43. It is the interaction between people, rather than the events that occur in their lives, that is the main focus of social psychology.
社会心理学的主要焦点是人与人之间的交往,而不是他们各自生活中的事件。 
44. No social crusade aroused Elizabeth Williams’ enthusiasm more than the expansion of educational facilities for immigrants to the United States.
给美国的新移民增加教育设施比任何社会运动都更多的激发了Elizabeth Williams的热情。 
45. Quails typically have short rounded wings that enable them to spring into full flight instantly when disturbed in their hiding places.
典型的鹌鹑都长有短而圆的翅膀,凭此他们可以在受惊时一跃而起,飞离它们的躲藏地。 
46. According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees facially, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows.
根据人类学家的说法,直立行走的人的鼻祖面部轮廓与黑猩猩相似,额头后倾,眉毛突出。 
47. Not until 1866 was the fully successful transatlantic cable finally laid.
直到1866年第一条横跨大西洋的电缆才完全成功的架通。 
48. In his writing, John Crowe Ransom describes what he considers the spiritual barrenness of society brought about by science and technology.
John Crowe Ransom在他的著作中描述了他认为是由科学技术给社会带来的精神贫困。 
49. Children with parents whose guidance is firm, consistent, and rational are inclined to possess high levels of self-confidence.
父母的教导如果坚定,始终如一和理性,孩子就有可能充满自信。 
50. The ancient Hopewell people of North America probably cultivated corn and other crops, but hunting and gathering were still of critical importance in their economy.
北美远古的Hopewell人很可能种植了玉米和其他农作物,但打猎和采集对他们的经济贸易仍是至关重要的。 
51. Using many symbols makes it possible to put a large amount of inFORMation on a single map.
使用多种多样的符号可以在一张地图里放进大量的信息。 
52. Anarchism is a term describing a cluster of doctrines and attitudes whose principal uniting feature is the belief that government is both harmful and unnecessary.
无go-vern-ment主义这个词描述的是一堆理论和态度,它们的主要共同点在于相信go-vern-ment是有害的,没有必要的。 
53. Probably no man had more effect on the daily lives of most people in the Untied States than did Henry Ford a pioneer in automobile production.
恐怕没有谁对大多数美国人的日常生活影响能超过汽车生产的先驱亨利.福特。 
54. The use of well-chosen nonsense words makes possible the testing of many basic hypotheses in the field of language learning.
使用精心挑选的无意义词汇,可以检验语言学科里许多基本的假定。 
55. The history of painting is a fascinating chain of events that probably began with the very first pictures ever made.
优化历史是由一连串的迷人事件组成,其源头大概可以上溯到最早的图画。 
56. Perfectly matched pearls, strung into a necklace, bring a far higher price than the same pearls told individually.
相互般配的珍珠,串成一条项链,就能卖到比单独售出好得多的价钱。 
57. During the eighteenth century, Little Turtle was chief of the Miami tribe whose territory became what is now Indiana and Ohio.
十八世纪时,”小乌龟”是迈阿密部落的酋长,该部落的地盘就是今天的印第安那州和俄亥俄州。 
58. Among almost seven hundred species of bamboo, some are fully grown at less than a foot high, while others can grow three feet in twenty-four hours.
在竹子的近七百个品种中,有的全长成还不到一英尺,有的却能在二十四小时内长出三英尺。 
59. Before staring on a sea voyage, prudent navigators learn the sea charts, study the sailing directions, and memorize lighthouse 本地s to prepare themselves for any conditions they might encounter.
谨慎的航海员在出航前,会研究航向,记录的灯塔的位置,以便对各种可能出现的情况做到有备无患。 
60. Of all the economically important plants, palms have been the least studied.
在所有的经济作物中,棕榈树得到的研究最少。 
61. Buyers and sellers should be aware of new developments in technology can and does affect marketing activities.
购买者和销售者都应该留意技术的新发展,原因很简单,因为技术能够并且已经影响着营销活动。 
62. The application of electronic controls made possible by the microprocessor and computer storage have multiplied the uses of the modern 无效writer.
电脑储存和由于电子微处理机得以实现的电控运用成倍的增加了现代打字机的功能。 
63. The human skeleton consists of more than two hundred bones bound together by tough and relatively inelastic connective tissues called ligaments.
人类骨骼有二百多块骨头组成,住些骨头石油坚韧而相对缺乏弹性的,被称为韧带的结蒂组连在一起。 
64. The pigmentation of a pearl is influenced by the 无效 of oyster in which it develops and by the depth, temperature, and the salt content of the water in which the oyster lives.
珍珠的色泽受到作为其母体牡蛎种类及牡蛎生活水域的深度,温度和含盐度的制约。 
65. Although mockingbirds superbly mimic the songs and calls of many birds, they can nonetheless be quickly identified as mockingbirds by certain aural clues.
尽管模仿鸟学很多种鸟的鸣叫声惟妙惟肖,但人类还是能够依其声音上的线索很快识别它们。 
66. Not only can walking fish live out of water, but they can also travel short distances over land.
鲇鱼不仅可以离开水存活,还可以在岸上短距离移动。 
67. Scientists do not know why dinosaurs became extinct, but some theories postulate that changers in geography, climate, and sea levels were responsible.
科学家不知道恐龙为何绝种了,但是一些理论推断是地理,气候和海平面的变化造成的。 
68. The science of horticulture, in which the primary concerns are maximum yield and superior quality, utilizes inFORMation derived from other sciences.
主要目的在于丰富和优质的农艺学利用了其他科学的知识。 
69. Snow aids farmers by keeping heart in the lower ground levels, thereby saving the seeds from freezing.
雪对农民是一种帮助,因为它保持地层土壤的温度,使种子不致冻死。 
70. Even though the precise qualities of hero in literary words may vary over time, the basic exemplary function of the hero seems to remain constant.
历代文学作品中的英雄本色虽各有千秋,但其昭世功力却是恒古不变的。 
71. People in prehistoric times created paints by grinding materials such as plants and clay into power and then adding water.
史前的人们制造颜料是将植物和泥土等原料磨成粉末,然后加水。 
72. Often very annoying weeds, goldenrods crowd out less hardy plants and act as hosts to many insect pests.
hj花通常令人生厌,它挤走不那么顽强的植物,并找来很多害虫。 
73. Starting around 7000 B.C., and for the next four thousand years, much of the Northern Hemisphere experienced temperatures warmer than at present.
大约从公元前七千年开始,在四千年当中,北半球的温度比现在高。 
74. When Henry Ford first sought financial backing for making cars, the very notion of farmers and clerks owning automobiles was considered ridiculous.
当亨利.福特最初制造汽车为寻求资金支持时,农民和一般职员也能拥有汽车的想法被认为是可笑的。 
75. Though once quite large, the population of the bald eagle across North America has drastically declined in the past forty years.
北美秃头鹰的数量一度很多,但在近四十年中全北美的秃头鹰数量急剧下降。 
76. The beaver chews down trees to get food and material with which to build its home.
水獭啃倒树木,以便取食物并获得造窝的材料。 
77. Poodles were once used as retrievers in duck hunting, but the American Kennel Club does not consider them sporting dogs because they are now primarily kept as pets.
长卷毛狗曾被用作猎鸭时叼回猎物的猎犬,但是美国Kennel Club却不承认它们为猎犬,因为它们现在大多数作为宠物饲养。 
78. As a result of what is now know in physics and chemistry, scientists have been able to make important discoveries in biology and medicine.
物理学和化学的一个成果是使得科学家们能在生物学和医学上获得重大发现。 
79. The practice of making excellent films d on rather obscure novels has been going on so long in the United States as to constitute a tradition.
根据默默无闻的小说制作优秀影片在美国由来已久,已经成为传统。 
80. Since the consumer considers the best fruit to be that which is the most attractive, the grower must provide products that satisfy the discerning eye.
因为顾客认为最好的水果应该看起来也是最漂亮的,所以种植者必须提供能满足挑剔眼光的产品。 
81. Television the most pervasive and persuasive of modern technologies, marked by rapid change and growth, is moving into a new era, an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility, which promises to reshape our lives and our world.
电视,这项从迅速变化和成长为标志的最普及和最有影响力的现代技术,正在步入一个新时代,一个极为成熟和多样化的时代,这将重塑我们的生活和世界。 
82. Television is more than just an electronics; it is a means of expression, as well as a vehicle for communication, and as such becomes a powerful tool for reaching other human beings.
电视不仅仅是一件电器;它是表达的手段和交流的载体并因此成为联系他人的有力工具。 
83. Even more shocking is the fact that the number and rate of imprisonment have more than doubled over the past twenty years, and recidivism——that is the rate for re-arrest——is more than 60 percent.
更让人吃惊的事实是监禁的数目和比例在过去的二十年中翻了一番还有余,以及累犯率——即再次拘押的比例——为百分之六十强。 
84. His teaching began at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, but William Rainey Harper lured him to the new university of Chicago, where he remained officially for exactly a generation and where his students in advanced composition found him terrifyingly frigid in the classroom but sympathetic and understanding in their personal conferences.
他的教书生涯始于麻省理工学院,但是William Rainey Harper把他吸引到了新成立的芝加哥大学。他在那里正式任职长达整整一代人的时间。他的高级作文课上的学生觉得他在课上古板得可怕,但私下交流却富有同情和理解。 
85. The sloth pays such little attention to its personal hygiene that green algae grow on its coarse hair and communities of a parasitic moth live in the depths of its coat producing caterpillars which graze on its mouldy hair. Its muscles are such that it is quits incapable of moving at a speed of over a kilometer an hour even over the shortest distances and the swiftest movement it can make is a sweep of its hooked arm.
树獭即不讲究卫生,以至于它粗糙的毛发上生出绿苔,成群的寄生蛾生长在它的皮毛深处,变成毛毛虫,并以它的脏毛为食。她的肌肉不能让他哪怕在很短的距离以内以每小时一公里的速度移动。它能做的最敏捷的动作就是挥一挥它弯曲的胳膊。 
86. Artificial flowers are used for scientific as well as for decorative purposes. They are made from a variety of materials, such as way and glass, so skillfully that they can scarcely be distinguished from natural flowers.
人造花卉即可用于科学目的,也可用于装饰目的,它们可以用各种各样的材料制成,臂如蜡和玻璃;其制作如此精巧,几乎可以以假乱真。 
87. Three years of research at an abandoned coal mine in Argonne, Illinois, have resulted in findings that scientists believe can help reclaim thousands of mine disposal sites that scar the coal-rich regions of the United States.
在伊利诺州Angonne市的一个废弃煤矿的三年研究取得了成果,科学家们相信这些成果可以帮助改造把美国产煤区弄得伤痕累累的数千个旧煤场。 
88. When the persuading and the planning for the western railroads had finally been completed, the really challenging task remained: the dangerous, sweaty, backbreaking, brawling business of actually building the lines.
当有关西部铁路的说服和规划工作终于完成后,真正艰难的任务还没有开始;即危险,吃力,需要伤筋动骨和吵吵嚷嚷的建造这些铁路的实际工作。 
89. Because of the space crunch, the Art Museum has become increasingly cautious in considering acquisitions and donations of art, in some cases passing up opportunities to strengthen is collections.
由于空间不足,艺术博物馆在考虑购买和接受捐赠的艺术品是越来越慎重,有些情况下放弃其进一步改善收藏的机会。 
90. The United States Constitution requires that President be a natural-born citizen, thirty-five years of age or older, who has lived in the United States for a minimum of fourteen years.
美国宪法要求总统是生于美国本土的公民,三十五岁以上,并且在美国居住了至少十四年。 
91. Arid regions in the southwestern United States have become increasingly inviting playgrounds for the growing number of recreation seekers who own vehicles such as motorcycles or powered trail bikes and indulge in hill-climbing contests or in caving new trails in the desert.
美国西部的不毛之地正成为玩耍的地方,对越来越多拥有摩托车或越野单车类车辆的,喜欢放纵于爬坡比赛或开辟新的沙漠通道的寻欢作乐者具有不断增长的吸引力。 
92. Stone does decay, and so tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the man who made them have disappeared without trace.
石头不会腐烂,所以以前的(石器)工具能保存下来,虽然它们的制造者已经消失的无影无踪。 
93. Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.
昆虫就将会使我们无法在这个世界上居住;如果我们没有受到以昆虫为食的动物的保护,昆虫就会吞嚼掉我们所有的庄稼并杀死我们饲养的禽兽。 
94. It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner which would make a modern climber shudder at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement.
确实,他们在探险中遇到了极具威胁性的困难和危险,而他们的装备会让一个现代登山者想一想都会浑身颤栗。不过他们并不是刻意去追求刺激的。 
95. There is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young man has a glorious future before him and old one has a splendid future behind him: and maybe that is where the rub is.
老人和年轻人之间只有一个区别:年轻人的前面有辉煌的未来,老年人灿烂的未来却已在它们身后。这也许就是困难之所在。 
96. I find young people exciting. They have an air of freedom, and they have not a dreary commitment to mean ambitions or love comfort. They are not anxious social climbers, and they have no devotion to material things.
我们位年强人振奋。它们带有自由的气息,他们不会为狭隘的野心和贪婪享受而孜孜以求。他们不是焦虑的向上爬的人,他们不会对物质性的东西难舍难分。 
97. I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield.
每次我听说体育运动能够在国家间建立起友好感情,说世界各地的普通人只要能在足球场或板球场上相遇就会没有兴趣在战场上相遇的话,我都倍感诧异。 
98. It is impossible to say simply for the fun and exercise: as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are around.
没有可能仅仅为了娱乐或锻炼而运动:一旦有了问题,一旦你觉得你输了你和你所属团体会有失体面时,你最野蛮的好斗本能就会被激发出来。 
99. It has been found that certain bats emit squeaks and by receiving the echoes, they can locate and steer clear of obstacles—— or locate flying insects on which they feed. This echo-本地 in bats is often compared with radar, the principle of which is similar.
人们已经发现,某些蝙蝠发出尖叫声并靠接受回响来锁定和避免障碍物——或者找到它们赖以为生的昆虫。蝙蝠这种回响定位法常拿来和原理与之很相近似的雷达相比。 
100. As the time and cost of making a clip drop to a few days and a few hundred dollars, engineers may soon be free to let their imaginations soar without being penalized by expensive failure.
随着芯片制造时间和费用降低到了几天和几百美元,工程师们可能很快可以任他们的想象驰骋而不会被昂贵的失败所惩罚。 
 

新东方英语背诵美文30篇

生而为赢

——新东方英语背诵美文30篇

目录:

·第一篇:Youth 青春

·第二篇: Three Days to See(Excerpts)假如给我三天光明(节选)

·第三篇:Companionship of Books 以书为伴(节选)

·第四篇:If I Rest, I Rust 如果我休息,我就会生锈

·第五篇:Ambition 抱负

·第六篇:What I have Lived for 我为何而生

·第七篇:When Love Beckons You 爱的召唤

·第八篇:The Road to Success 成功之道

·第九篇:On Meeting the Celebrated 论见名人

·第十篇:The 50-Percent Theory of Life 生活理论半对半

·第十一篇:What is Your Recovery Rate? 你的恢复速率是多少?

·第十二篇:Clear Your Mental Space 清理心灵的空间

·第十三篇:Be Happy 快乐

·第十四篇:The Goodness of life 生命的美好

·第十五篇:Facing the Enemies Within 直面内在的敌人

·第十六篇:Abundance is a Life Style 富足的生活方式

·第十七篇:Human Life a Poem 人生如诗

·第十八篇:Solitude 独处

·第十九篇:Giving Life Meaning 给生命以意义

·第二十篇:Relish the Moment 品位现在

·第二十一篇:The Love of Beauty 爱美

·第二十二篇:The Happy Door 快乐之门

·第二十三篇:Born to Win 生而为赢

·第二十四篇:Work and Pleasure 工作和娱乐

·第二十五篇:Mirror, Mirror--What do I see镜子,镜子,告诉我

·第二十六篇:On Motes and Beams 微尘与栋梁

·第二十七篇:An October Sunrise 十月的日出

·第二十八篇:To Be or Not to Be 生存还是毁灭

·第二十九篇:Gettysburg Address 葛底斯堡演说

·第三十篇:First Inaugural Address(Excerpts) 就职演讲(节选)

 

·第一篇:Youth 青春

Youth

 

Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple knees; it is a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, a vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of the deep springs of life.

 

Youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity, of the appetite for adventure over the love of ease. This often exists in a man of 60 more than a boy of 20. Nobody grows old merely by a number of years. We grow old by deserting our ideals.

 

Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. Worry, fear, self-distrust bows the heart and turns the spirit back to dust.

 

Whether 60 or 16, there is in every human being’s heart the lure of wonders, the unfailing appetite for what’s next and the joy of the game of living. In the center of your heart and my heart, there is a wireless station; so long as it receives messages of beauty, hope, courage and power from man and from the infinite, so long as you are young.

 

When your aerials are down, and your spirit is covered with snows of cynicism and the ice of pessimism, then you’ve grown old, even at 20; but as long as your aerials are up, to catch waves of optimism, there’s hope you may die young at 80.

 

·第二篇: Three Days to See(Excerpts)假如给我三天光明(节选)

Three Days to See

 

All of us have read thrilling stories in which the hero had only a limited and specified time to live. Sometimes it was as long as a year, sometimes as short as 24 hours. But always we were interested in discovering just how the doomed hero chose to spend his last days or his last hours. I speak, of course, of free men who have a choice, not condemned criminals whose sphere of activities is strictly delimited.

 

Such stories set us thinking, wondering what we should do under similar circumstances. What events, what experiences, what associations should we crowd into those last hours as mortal beings, what regrets?

 

Sometimes I have thought it would be an excellent rule to live each day as if we should die tomorrow. Such an attitude would emphasize sharply the values of life. We should live each day with gentleness, vigor and a keenness of appreciation which are often lost when time stretches before us in the constant panorama of more days and months and years to come. There are those, of course, who would adopt the Epicurean motto of “Eat, drink, and be merry”. But most people would be chastened by the certainty of impending death.

 

In stories the doomed hero is usually saved at the last minute by some stroke of fortune, but almost always his sense of values is changed. He becomes more appreciative of the meaning of life and its permanent spiritual values. It has often been noted that those who live, or have lived, in the shadow of death bring a mellow sweetness to everything they do.

 

Most of us, however, take life for granted. We know that one day we must die, but usually we picture that day as far in the future. When we are in buoyant health, death is all but unimaginable. We seldom think of it. The days stretch out in an endless vista. So we go about our petty tasks, hardly aware of our listless attitude toward life.

 

The same lethargy, I am afraid, characterizes the use of all our faculties and senses. Only the deaf appreciate hearing, only the blind realize the manifold blessings that lie in sight. Particularly does this observation apply to those who have lost sight and hearing in adult life. But those who have never suffered impairment of sight or hearing seldom make the fullest use of these blessed faculties. Their eyes and ears take in all sights and sounds hazily, without concentration and with little appreciation. It is the same old story of not being grateful for what we have until we lose it, of not being conscious of health until we are ill.

 

I have often thought it would be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life. Darkness would make him more appreciative of sight; silence would teach him the joys of sound.

 

·第三篇:Companionship of Books 以书为伴(节选)

Companionship of Books

 

A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps; for there is a companionship of books as well as of men; and one should always live in the best company, whether it be of books or of men.

 

A good book may be among the best of friends. It is the same today that it always was, and it will never change. It is the most patient and cheerful of companions. It does not turn its back upon us in times of adversity or distress. It always receives us with the same kindness; amusing and instructing us in youth, and comforting and consoling us in age.

 

Men often discover their affinity to each other by the mutual love they have for a book just as two persons sometimes discover a friend by the admiration which both entertain for a third. There is an old proverb, ‘Love me, love my dog.” But there is more wisdom in this:” Love me, love my book.” The book is a truer and higher bond of union. Men can think, feel, and sympathize with each other through their favorite author. They live in him together, and he in them.

 

A good book is often the best urn of a life enshrining the best that life could think out; for the world of a man’s life is, for the most part, but the world of his thoughts. Thus the best books are treasuries of good words, the golden thoughts, which, remembered and cherished, become our constant companions and comforters.

 

Books possess an essence of immortality. They are by far the most lasting products of human effort. Temples and statues decay, but books survive. Time is of no account with great thoughts, which are as fresh today as when they first passed through their author’s minds, ages ago. What was then said and thought still speaks to us as vividly as ever from the printed page. The only effect of time have been to sift out the bad products; for nothing in literature can long survive e but what is really good.

 

Books introduce us into the best society; they bring us into the presence of the greatest minds that have ever lived. We hear what they said and did; we see the as if they were really alive; we sympathize with them, enjoy with them, grieve with them; their experience becomes ours, and we feel as if we were in a measure actors with them in the scenes which they describe.

 

The great and good do not die, even in this world. Embalmed in books, their spirits walk abroad. The book is a living voice. It is an intellect to which on still listens.

·第四篇:If I Rest,I Rust 如果我休息,我就会生锈

If I Rest, I Rust

 

The significant inscription found on an old key---“If I rest, I rust”---would be an excellent motto for those who are afflicted with the slightest bit of idleness. Even the most industrious person might adopt it with advantage to serve as a reminder that, if one allows his faculties to rest, like the iron in the unused key, they will soon show signs of rust and, ultimately, cannot do the work required of them.

 

Those who would attain the heights reached and kept by great men must keep their faculties polished by constant use, so that they may unlock the doors of knowledge, the gate that guard the entrances to the professions, to science, art, literature, agriculture---every department of human endeavor.

 

Industry keeps bright the key that opens the treasury of achievement. If Hugh Miller, after toiling all day in a quarry, had devoted his evenings to rest and recreation, he would never have become a famous geologist. The celebrated mathematician, Edmund Stone, would never have published a mathematical dictionary, never have found the key to science of mathematics, if he had given his spare moments to idleness, had the little Scotch lad, Ferguson, allowed the busy brain to go to sleep while he tended sheep on the hillside instead of calculating the position of the stars by a string of beads, he would never have become a famous astronomer.

 

Labor vanquishes all---not inconstant, spasmodic, or ill-directed labor; but faithful, unremitting, daily effort toward a well-directed purpose. Just as truly as eternal vigilance is the price of liberty, so is eternal industry the price of noble and enduring success.

 

·第五篇:Ambition 抱负

Ambition

 

It is not difficult to imagine a world short of ambition. It would probably be a kinder world: with out demands, without abrasions, without disappointments. People would have time for reflection. Such work as they did would not be for themselves but for the collectivity. Competition would never enter in. conflict would be eliminated, tension become a thing of the past. The stress of creation would be at an end. Art would no longer be troubling, but purely celebratory in its functions. Longevity would be increased, for fewer people would die of heart attack or stroke caused by tumultuous endeavor. Anxiety would be extinct. Time would stretch on and on, with ambition long departed from the human heart.

 

Ah, how unrelieved boring life would be!

 

There is a strong view that holds that success is a myth, and ambition therefore a sham. Does this mean that success does not really exist? That achievement is at bottom empty? That the efforts of men and women are of no significance alongside the force of movements and events now not all success, obviously, is worth esteeming, nor all ambition worth cultivating. Which are and which are not is something one soon enough learns on one’s own. But even the most cynical secretly admit that success exists; that achievement counts for a great deal; and that the true myth is that the actions of men and women are useless. To believe otherwise is to take on a point of view that is likely to be deranging. It is, in its implications, to remove all motives for competence, interest in attainment, and regard for posterity.

 

We do not choose to be born. We do not choose our parents. We do not choose our historical epoch, the country of our birth, or the immediate circumstances of our upbringing. We do not, most of us, choose to die; nor do we choose the time or conditions of our death. But within all this realm of choicelessness, we do choose how we shall live: courageously or in cowardice, honorably or dishonorably, with purpose or in drift. We decide what is important and what is trivial in life. We decide that what makes us significant is either what we do or what we refuse to do. But no matter how indifferent the universe may be to our choices and decisions, these choices and decisions are ours to make. We decide. We choose. And as we decide and choose, so are our lives formed. In the end, forming our own destiny is what ambition is about.

 

·第六篇:What I have Lived for 我为何而生

What I Have Lived For

 

Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a deep ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair.

 

I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy---ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of my life for a few hours for this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness---that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it, finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what---at last---I have found.

 

With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine. And I have tried to apprehend the Pythagorean power by which number holds sway above the flux. A little of this, but not much, I have achieved.

 

Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward toward the heavens. But always it brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverberate in my heart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a hated burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate the evil, but I cannot, and I too suffer.

 

This has been my life. I have found it worth living, and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me.

 

·第七篇:When Love Beckons You 爱的召唤

When Love Beckons You

 

When love beckons to you, follow him, though his ways are hard and steep. And when his wings enfold you, yield to him, though the sword hidden among his pinions may wound you. And when he speaks to you, believe in him, though his voice may shatter your dreams as the north wind lays waste the garden.

 

For even as love crowns you so shall he crucify you. Even as he is for your growth so is he for your pruning. Even as he ascends to your height and caresses your tenderest branches that quiver in the sun, so shall he descend to our roots and shake them in their clinging to the earth.

 

But if, in your fear, you would seek only love’s peace and love’s pleasure, then it is better for you that you cover  your nakedness and pass out of love’s threshing-floor, into the seasonless world where you shall laugh, but not all of your laughter, and weep, but not all of your tears. Love gives naught but it self and takes naught but from itself. Love possesses not, nor would it be possessed, for love is sufficient unto love.

 

Love has no other desire but to fulfill itself. But if you love and must have desires, let these be your desires:

 

To melt and be like a running brook that sings its melody to the night.

 

To know the pain of too much tenderness.

 

To be wounded by your own understanding of love;

 

And to bleed willingly and joyfully.

 

To wake at dawn with a winged heart and give thanks for another day of loving;

 

To rest at the noon hour and meditate love’s ecstasy;

 

To return home at eventide with gratitude;

 

And then to sleep with a payer for the beloved in your heart and a song of praise upon your lips.

 

·第八篇:The Road to Success 成功之道

The Road to Success

 

It is well that young men should begin at the beginning and occupy the most subordinate positions. Many of the leading businessmen of Pittsburgh had a serious responsibility thrust upon them at the very threshold of their career. They were introduced to the broom, and spent the first hours of their business lives sweeping out the office. I notice we have janitors and janitresses now in offices, and our young men unfortunately miss that salutary branch of business education. But if by chance the professional sweeper is absent any morning, the boy who has the genius of the future partner in him will not hesitate to try his hand at the broom. It does not hurt the newest comer to sweep out the office if necessary. I was one of those sweepers myself.

 

Assuming that you have all obtained employment and are fairly started, my advice to you is “aim high”. I would not give a fig for the young man who does not already see himself the partner or the head of an important firm. Do not rest content for a moment in your thoughts as head clerk, or foreman, or general manager in any concern, no matter how extensive. Say to yourself, “My place is at the top.” Be king in your dreams.

 

And here is the prime condition of success, the great secret: concentrate your energy, thought, and capital exclusively upon the business in which you are engaged. Having begun in one line, resolve to fight it out on that line, to lead in it, adopt every improvement, have the best machinery, and know the most about it.

The concerns which fail are those which have scattered their capital, which means that they have scattered their brains also. They have investments in this, or that, or the other, here there, and everywhere. “Don’t put all your eggs in one basket.” is all wrong. I tell you to “put all your eggs in one basket, and then watch that basket.” Look round you and take notice, men who do that not often fail. It is easy to watch and carry the one basket. It is trying to carry too many baskets that breaks most eggs in this country. He who carries three baskets must put one on his head, which is apt to tumble and trip him up. One fault of the American businessman is lack of concentration.

 

To summarize what I have said: aim for the highest; never enter a bar room; do not touch liquor, or if at all only at meals; never speculate; never indorse beyond your surplus cash fund; make the firm’s interest yours; break orders always to save owners; concentrate; put all your eggs in one basket, and watch that basket; expenditure always within revenue; lastly, be not impatient, for as Emerson says, “no one can cheat you out of ultimate success but yourselves.”

 

·第九篇:On Meeting the Celebrated 论见名人

On Meeting the Celebrated

 

I have always wondered at the passion many people have to meet the celebrated. The prestige you acquire by being able to tell your friends that you know famous men proves only that you are yourself of small account. The celebrated develop a technique to deal with the persons they come across. They show the world a mask, often an impressive on, but take care to conceal their real selves. They play the part that is expected from them, and with practice learn to play it very well, but you are stupid if you think that this public performance of theirs corresponds with the man within.

 

I have been attached, deeply attached, to a few people; but I have been interested in men in general not for their own sakes, but for the sake of my work. I have not, as Kant enjoined, regarded each man as an end in himself, but as material that might be useful to me as a writer. I have been more concerned with the obscure than with the famous. They are more often themselves. They have had no need to create a figure to protect themselves from the world or to impress it. Their idiosyncrasies have had more chance to develop in the limited circle of their activity, and since they have never been in the public eye it has never occurred to them that they have anything to conceal. They display their oddities because it has never struck them that they are odd. And after all it is with the common run of men that we writers have to deal; kings, dictators, commercial magnates are from our point of view very unsatisfactory. To write about them is a venture that has often tempted writers, but the failure that has attended their efforts shows that such beings are too exceptional to form a proper ground for a work of art. They cannot be made real. The ordinary is the writer’s richer field. Its unexpectedness, its singularity, its infinite variety afford unending material. The great man is too often all of a piece; it is the little man that is a bundle of contradictory elements. He is inexhaustible. You never come to the end of the surprises he has in store for you. For my part I would much sooner spend a month on a desert island with a veterinary surgeon than with a prime minister.

 

·第十篇:The 50-Percent Theory of Life 生活理论半对半

The 50-Percent Theory of Life

 

I believe in the 50-percent theory. Half the time things are better than normal; the other half, they re worse. I believe life is a pendulum swing. It takes time and experience to understand what normal is, and that gives me the perspective to deal with the surprises of the future.

 

Let’s benchmark the parameters: yes, I will die. I’ve dealt with the deaths of both parents, a best friend, a beloved boss and cherished pets. Some of these deaths have been violent, before my eyes, or slow and agonizing. Bad stuff, and it belongs at the bottom of the scale.

 

Then there are those high points: romance and marriage to the right person; having a child and doing those Dad things like coaching my son’s baseball team, paddling around the creek in the boat while he’s swimming with the dogs, discovering his compassion so deep it manifests even in his kindness to snails, his imagination so vivid he builds a spaceship from a scattered pile of Legos.

 

But there is a vast meadow of life in the middle, where the bad and the good flip-flop acrobatically. This is what convinces me to believe in the 50-percent theory.

 

One spring I planted corn too early in a bottomland so flood-prone that neighbors laughed. I felt chagrined at the wasted effort. Summer turned brutal---the worst heat wave and drought in my lifetime. The air-conditioned died; the well went dry; the marriage ended; the job lost; the money gone. I was living lyrics from a country tune---music I loathed. Only a surging Kansas City Royals team buoyed my spirits.

 

Looking back on that horrible summer, I soon understood that all succeeding good things merely offset the bad. Worse than normal wouldn’t last long. I am owed and savor the halcyon times. The reinvigorate me for the next nasty surprise and offer assurance that can thrive. The 50-percent theory even helps me see hope beyond my Royals’ recent slump, a field of struggling rookies sown so that some year soon we can reap an October harvest.

 

For that on blistering summer, the ground moisture was just right, planting early allowed pollination before heat withered the tops, and the lack of rain spared the standing corn from floods. That winter my crib overflowed with corn---fat, healthy three-to-a-stalk ears filled with kernels from heel to tip---while my neighbors’ fields yielded only brown, empty husks.

 

Although plantings past may have fallen below the 50-percent expectation, and they probably will again in the future, I am still sustained by the crop that flourishes during the drought.

 

·第十一篇:What is Your Recovery Rate? 你的恢复速率是多少?

What is Your Recovery Rate?

 

What is your recovery rate? How long does it take you to recover from actions and behaviors that upset you? Minutes? Hours? Days? Weeks? The longer it takes you to recover, the more influence that incident has on your actions, and the less able you are to perform to your personal best. In a nutshell, the longer it takes you to recover, the weaker you are and the poorer your performance.

 

You are well aware that you need to exercise to keep the body fit and, no doubt, accept that a reasonable measure of health is the speed in which your heart and respiratory system recovers after exercise. Likewise the faster you let go of an issue that upsets you, the faster you return to an equilibrium, the healthier you will be. The best example of this behavior is found with professional sportspeople. They know that the faster they can forget an incident or missd opportunity and get on with the game, the better their performance. In fact, most measure the time it takes them to overcome and forget an incident in a game and most reckon a recovery rate of 30 seconds is too long!

 

Imagine yourself to be an actor in a play on the stage. Your aim is to play your part to the best of your ability. You have been given a script and at the end of each sentence is a ful stop. Each time you get to the end of the sentence you start a new one and although the next sentence is related to the last it is not affected by it. Your job is to deliver each sentence to the best of your ability.

 

Don’t live your life in the past! Learn to live in the present, to overcome the past. Stop the past from influencing your daily life. Don’t allow thoughts of the past to reduce your personal best. Stop the past from interfering with your life. Learn to recover quickly.

 

Remember: Rome wasn’t built in a day. Reflect on your recovery rate each day. Every day before you go to bed, look at your progress. Don’t lie in bed saying to you, “I did that wrong.” “I should have done better there.” No. look at your day and note when you made an effort to place a full stop after an incident. This is a success. You are taking control of your life. Remember this is a step by step process. This is not a make-over. You are undertaking real change here. Your aim: reduce the time spent in recovery.

 

The way forward?

 

Live in the present. Not in the precedent.

 

 

·第十二篇:Clear Your Mental Space 清理心灵的空间

Clear Your Mental Space

 

Think about the last time you felt a negative emotion---like stress, anger, or frustration. What was going through your mind as you were going through that negativity? Was your mind cluttered with thoughts? Or was it paralyzed, unable to think?

 

The next time you find yourself in the middle of a very stressful time, or you feel angry or frustrated, stop. Yes, that’s right, stop. Whatever you’re doing, stop and sit for one minute. While you’re sitting there, completely immerse yourself in the negative emotion.

 

Allow that emotion to consume you. Allow yourself one minute to truly feel that emotion. Don’t cheat yourself here. Take the entire minute---but only one minute---to do nothing else but feel that emotion.

 

When the minute is over, ask yourself, “Am I wiling to keep holding on to this negative emotion as I go through the rest of the day?”

 

Once you’ve allowed yourself to be totally immersed in the emotion and really fell it, you will be surprised to find that the emotion clears rather quickly.

 

If you feel you need to hold on to the emotion for a little longer, that is OK. Allow yourself another minute to feel the emotion.

 

When you feel you’ve had enough of the emotion, ask yourself if you’re willing to carry that negativity with you for the rest of the day. If not, take a deep breath. As you exhale, release all that negativity with your breath.

 

This exercise seems simple---almost too simple. But, it is very effective. By allowing that negative emotion the space to be truly felt, you are dealing with the emotion rather than stuffing it down and trying not to feel it. You are actually taking away the power of the emotion by giving it the space and attention it needs. When you immerse yourself in the emotion, and realize that it is only emotion, it loses its control. You can clear your head and proceed with your task.

Try it. Next time you’re in the middle of a negative emotion, give yourself the space to feel the emotion and see what happens. Keep a piece of paper with you that says the following:

 

Stop. Immerse for one minute. Do I want to keep this negativity? Breath deep, exhale, release. Move on!

 

This will remind you of the steps to the process. Remember; take the time you need to really immerse yourself in the emotion. Then, when you feel you’ve felt it enough, release it---really let go of it. You will be surprised at how quickly you can move on from a negative situation and get to what you really want to do!

 

·第十三篇:Be Happy 快乐

Be Happy!

 

“The days that make us happy make us wise.”----John Masefield

 

when I first read this line by England’s Poet Laureate, it startled me. What did Masefield mean? Without thinking about it much, I had always assumed that the opposite was true. But his sober assurance was arresting. I could not forget it.

 

Finally, I seemed to grasp his meaning and realized that here was a profound observation. The wisdom that happiness makes possible lies in clear perception, not fogged by anxiety nor dimmed by despair and boredom, and without the blind spots caused by fear.

 

Active happiness---not mere satisfaction or contentment ---often comes suddenly, like an April shower or the unfolding of a bud. Then you discover what kind of wisdom has accompanied it. The grass is greener; bird songs are sweeter; the shortcomings of your friends are more understandable and more forgivable. Happiness is like a pair of eyeglasses correcting your spiritual vision.

 

Nor are the insights of happiness limited to what is near around you. Unhappy, with your thoughts turned in upon your emotional woes, your vision is cut short as though by a wall. Happy, the wall crumbles.

 

The long vista is there for the seeing. The ground at your feet, the world about you----people, thoughts, emotions, pressures---are now fitted into the larger scene. Everything assumes a fairer proportion. And here is the beginning of wisdom.

 

·第十四篇:The Goodness of life 生命的美好

The Goodness of Life

 

Though there is much to be concerned about, there is far, far more for which to be thankful. Though life’s goodness can at times be overshadowed, it is never outweighed.

 

For every single act that is senselessly destructive, there are thousands more small, quiet acts of love, kindness and compassion. For every person who seeks to hurt, there are many, many more who devote their lives to helping and to healing.

 

There is goodness to life that cannot be denied.

 

In the most magnificent vistas and in the smallest details, look closely, for that goodness always comes shining through.

 

There si no limit to the goodness of life. It grows more abundant with each new encounter. The more you experience and appreciate the goodness of life, the more there is to be lived.

 

Even when the cold winds blow and the world seems to be cov ered in foggy shadows, the goodness of life lives on. Open your eyes, open your heart, and you will see that goodness is everywhere.

 

Though the goodness of life seems at times to suffer setbacks, it always endures. For in the darkest moment it becomes vividly clear that life is a priceless treasure. And so the goodness of life is made even stronger by the very things that would oppose it.

 

Time and time again when you feared it was gone forever you found that the goodness of life was really only a moment away. Around the next corner, inside every moment, the goodness of life is there to surprise and delight you.

 

Take a moment to let the goodness of life touch your spirit and calm your thoughts. Then, share your good fortune with another. For the goodness of life grows more and more magnificent each time it is given away.

 

Though the problems constantly scream for attention and the conflicts appear to rage ever stronger, the goodness of life grows stronger still, quietly, peacefully, with more purpose and meaning than ever before.

 

·第十五篇:Facing the Enemies Within 直面内在的敌人

Facing the Enemies Within

 

We are not born with courage, but neither are we born with fear. Maybe some of our fears are brought on by your own experiences, by what someone has told you, by what you’ve read in the papers. Some fears are valid, like walking alone in a bad part of town at two o’clock in the morning. But once you learn to avoid that situation, you won’t need to live in fear of it.

 

Fears, even the most basic ones, can totally destroy our ambitions. Fear can destroy fortunes. Fear can destroy relationships. Fear, if left unchecked, can destroy our lives. Fear is one of the many enemies lurking inside us.

 

Let me tell you about five of the other enemies we face from within. The first enemy that you’ve got to destroy before it destroys you is indifference. What a tragic disease this is! “Ho-hum, let it slide. I’ll just drift along.” Here’s one problem with drifting: you can’t drift your way to the to of the mountain.

 

The second enemy we face is indecision. Indecision is the thief of opportunity and enterprise. It will steal your chances for a better future. Take a sword to this enemy.

 

The third enemy inside is doubt. Sure, there’s room for healthy skepticism. You can’t believe everything. But you also can’t let doubt take over. Many people doubt the past, doubt the future, doubt each other, doubt the government, doubt the possibilities nad doubt the opportunities. Worse of all, they doubt themselves. I’m telling you, doubt will destroy your life and your chances of success. It will empty both your bank account and  your heart. Doubt is an enemy. Go after it. Get rid of it.

 

The fourth enemy within is worry. We’ve all got to worry some. Just don’t let conquer you. Instead, let it alarm you. Worry can be useful. If you step off the curb in New York City and a taxi is coming, you’ve got to worry. But you can’t let worry loose like a mad dog that drives you into a small corner. Here’s what you’ve got to do with your worries: drive them into a small corner. Whatever is out to get you, you’ve got to get it. Whatever is pushing on you, you’ve got to push back.

 

The fifth interior enemy is overcaution. It is the timid approach to life. Timidity is not a virtue; it’s an illness. If you let it go, it’ll conquer you. Timid people don’t get promoted. They don’t advance and grow and become powerful in the marketplace. You’ve got to avoid overcaution.

 

Do battle with the enemy. Do battle with your fears. Build your courage to fight what’s holding ou back, what’s keeping you from your goals and dreams. Be courageous in your life and in your pursuit of the things you want and the person you want to become.

 

·第十六篇:Abundance is a Life Style 富足的生活方式

Abundance is a Life Style

 

Abundance is a life style, a way of living your life. It isn’t something you buy now and then or pull down from the cupboard, dust off and use once or twice, and then return to the cupboard.

 

Abundance is a philosophy; it appears in your physiology, your value system, and carries its own set of beliefs. You walk with it, sleep with it, bath with it, feel with it, and need to maintain and take care of it as well.

 

Abundance doesn’t always require money. Many people live with all that money can buy yet live empty inside. Abundance begins inside with some main self-ingredients, like love, care, kindness and gentleness, thoughtfulness and compassion. Abundance is a state of being. It radiates outward. It shines like the sun among the many moons in the world.

 

Being from the brightness of abundance doesn’t allow the darkness to appear or be in the path unless a choice to allow it to. The true state of abundance doesn’t have room for lies or games normally played. The space is too full of abundance. This may be a challenge because we still need to shine for other to see.

 

Abundance is seeing people for their gifts and not what they lack or could be. Seeing all things for their gifts and not what they lack.

 

Start by knowing what your abundances are, fill that space with you, and be fully present from that state of being. Your profession of choice is telling you of knowing and possibilities. That is their gift. Consultants and customer service professionals have the ministrative assistants and virtual assistants have an abundance of coordination and time management. Abundance is all around you, and all within. See what it is; love yourself for what it is, not what you’re missing, or what that can be better, but  for what it is at this present moment.

 

Be in a state of abundance of what you already have. I guarantee they are there; it always is buried but there. Breathe them in as if they are the air you breathe because they are yours. Let go of anything that isn’t abundant for the time being. Name the shoe boxes in your closet with your gifts of abundance; pull from them every morning if needed. Know they are there.

 

Learning to trust in your own abundance is required. When you begin to be within your own space of abundance, whatever you need will appear whenever you need it. That’s just the way the higher powers set this universe up to work. Trust the universal energy. The knowing of it all will humble you to its power yet let the brightness of you shine everywhere it needs to. Just by being from a state of abundance, it is being you.

 

·第十七篇:Human Life a Poem 人生如诗

Human Life a Poem

 

I think that, from a biological standpoint, human life almost reads like a poem. It has its own rhythm and beat, its internal cycles of growth and decay. It begins with innocent childhood, followed by awkward adolescence trying awkwardly to adapt itself to mature society, with its young passions and follies, its ideals and ambitions; then it reaches a manhood of intense activities, profiting from experience and learning more about society and human nature; at middle age, there is a slight easing of tension, a mellowing of character like the ripening of fruit or the mellowing of good wine, and the gradual acquiring of a more tolerant, more cynical and at the same time a kindlier view of life; then In the sunset of our life, the endocrine glands decrease their activity, and if we have a true philosophy of old age and have ordered our life pattern according to it, it is for us the age of peace and security and leisure and contentment; finally, life flickers out and one goes into eternal sleep, never to wake up again.

 

One should be able to sense the beauty of this rhythm of life, to appreciate, as we do in grand symphonies, its main theme, its strains of conflict and the final resolution. The movements of these cycles are very much the same in a normal life, but the music must be provided by the individual himself. In some souls, the discordant note becomes harsher and harsher and finally overwhelms or submerges the main melody. Sometimes the discordant note gains so much power that the music can no longer go on, and the individual shoots himself with a pistol or jump into a river. But that is because his original leitmotif has been hopelessly over-showed through the lack of a good self-education. Otherwise the normal human life runs to its normal end in kind of dignified movement and procession. There are sometimes in many of us too many staccatos or impetuosos, and because the tempo is wrong, the music is not pleasing to the ear; we might have more of the grand rhythm and majestic tempo o the Ganges, flowing slowly and eternally into the sea.

 

No one can say that life with childhood, manhood and old age is not a beautiful arrangement; the day has its morning, noon and sunset, and the year has its seasons, and it is good that it is so. There is no good or bad in life, except what is good according to its own season. And if we take this biological view of life and try to live according to the seasons, no one but a conceited fool or an impossible idealist can deny that human life can be lived like a poem. Shakespeare has expressed this idea more graphically in his passage about the seven stages of life, and a good many Chinese writers have said about the same thing. It is curious that Shakespeare was never very religious, or very much concerned with religion. I think this was his greatness; he took human life largely as it was, and intruded himself as little upon the general scheme of things as he did upon the characters of his plays. Shakespeare was like Nature itself, and that is the greatest compliment we can pay to a writer or thinker. He merely lived, observed life and went away.

 

·第十八篇:Solitude 独处

Solitude

 

I find it wholesome to be alone the greater part of the time. To be in company, even with the best, is soon wearisome and dissipating. I love to be alone. I never found the companion that was so companionable as solitude. We are for the most part more lonely when we go abroad among men than when we stay in our chambers. A man thinking or working is always alone, let him be where he will. Solitude is not measured by the miles of space that intervene between a man and his fellows. The really diligent student in one of the crowded hives of Cambridge College is as solitary as a dervish in the desert. The farmer can work alone in the field or the woods all day, hoeing or chopping, and not feel lonesome, because he is employed; but when he comes home at night he cannot sit down in a room alone, at the mercy of his thoughts, but must be where he can :see the folks,:” and recreate, and, as he thinks, remunerate himself for his day’s solitude; and hence he wonders how the student can sit alone in the house all night and most of the day without ennui and :the blues:; but he does not realize that the student, though in the house, is still at work in his field, and chopping in his woods, as the farmer in his, and in turn seeks the same recreation and society that the latter does, though it may be a more condensed form of it.

 

Society is commonly too cheap. We meet at very short intervals, not having had time to acquire any new value for each other. We meet at meals three times a day, and give each other a new taste of that old musty cheese that we are. We have had to agree on a certain set of rules, called etiquette and politeness, to make this frequent meeting tolerable and that we need not come to open war. We meet at the post-office, and at the sociable, and about the fireside every night; we live thick and are in each other’s way, and stumble over one another, and I think that we thus lose some respect for one another. Certainly less frequency would suffice for all important and hearty communications. Consider the girls in a factory---never alone, hardly in their dreams. It would be better if there were but one inhabitant to a square mile, as where I live. The value of a man is not in his skin, that we should touch him.

 

I have a great deal of company in my house; especially in the morning, when nobody calls. Let me suggest a few comparisons, that some one may convey an idea of my situation. I am no more lonely than the loon in the pond that laughs so loud, or than Walden Pond itself. What company has that lonely lake, I pray?

 

And yet it has not the blue devils, but the blue angels in it, in the azure tint of its waters. The sun is alone, except in thick weather, when there sometimes appear to be two, but one is a mock sun. god is alone---but the devil, he is far from being alone; he sees a great deal of company; he is legion. I am no more lonely than a single mullein or dandelion in a pasture, or a bean leaf, or sorrel, or a horse-fly, or a bumblebee. I am no more lonely than the Millbrook, or a weathercock, or the north star, or the south wind, or an April shower, or a January thaw, or the first spider in a new house.

 

 

·第十九篇:Giving Life Meaning 给生命以意义

Giving Life Meaning

 

Have you thought about what you want people to say about you after you’re gone? Can you hear the voice saying, “He was a great man.” Or “She really will be missed.” What else do they say?

 

One of the strangest phenomena of life is to engage in a work that will last long after death. Isn’t that a lot like investing all your money so that future generations can bare interest on it? Perhaps, yet if you look deep in your own heart, you’ll find something drives you to make this kind of contribution---something drives every human being to find a purpose that lives on after death.

 

Do you hope to memorialize your name? Have a name that is whispered with reverent awe? Do you hope to have your face carved upon 50 ft of granite rock? Is the answer really that simple? Is the purpose of lifetime contribution an ego-driven desire for a mortal being to have an immortal name or is it something more?

 

A child alive today will die tomorrow. A baby that had the potential to be the next Einstein will die from complication is at birth. The circumstances of life are not set in stone. We are not all meant to live life through to old age. We’ve grown to perceive life3 as a full cycle with a certain number of years in between. If all of those years aren’t lived out, it’s a tragedy. A tragedy because a human’s potential was never realized. A tragedy because a spark was snuffed out before it ever became a flame.

 

By virtue of inhabiting a body we accept these risks. We expose our mortal flesh to the laws of the physical environment around us. The trade off isn’t so bad when you think about it. The problem comes when we construct mortal fantasies of what life should be like. When life doesn’t conform to our fantasy we grow upset, frustrated, or depressed.

 

We are alive; let us live. We have the ability to experience; let us experience. We have the ability to learn; let us learn. The meaning of life can be grasped in a moment. A moment so brief it often evades our perception.

 

What meaning stands behind the dramatic unfolding of life? What single truth can we grasp and hang onto for dear life when all other truths around us seem to fade with time?

 

These moments are strung together in a series we call events. These events are strung together in a series we call life. When we seize the moment and bend it according to our will, a will driven by the spirit deep inside us, then we have discovered the meaning of life, a meaning for us that shall go on long after we depart this Earth.

 

 

·第二十篇:Relish the Moment 品位现在

Relish the Moment

 

Tucked away in our subconsciousness is an idyllic vision. We see ourselves on a long trip that spans the moment. We are traveling by train. Out the windows, we drink in the passing scene of cars on nearby highways, of children waving at a crossing, of cattle grazing on a distant hillside, of smoke pouring from a power plant, of row upon row of corn ad wheat, of flatlands and valleys, of mountains and rolling hillsides, of city skylines and village halls.

 

But uppermost in our minds is the final destination. On a certain day at a certain hour, we will pull into the station. Bands will be playing and flags waving. Once we get there, so many wonderful dreams will come true and the pieces of our lives will fit together like a completed jigsaw puzzle. How restlessly we pace the aisles, damning the minutes for loitering---waiting, waiting, waiting for the station.

 

“When we reach the station, that will be it!” we cry. “When I’m 18.” “When I buy a new 450SL Mercedes Benz!” “When I put the last kid through college.” “When I have paid off the mortgage!” “When I get a promotion.” “When I reach the age of retirement, I shall live happily ever after!”

 

Sooner or later, we must realize there is no station, no one place to arrive at once and for all. The true joy of life is the trip. The station is only a dream. It constantly outdistances us.

 

It isn’t the burdens of today that drive men mad. It is the regrets over yesterday and the fear of tomorrow. Regret and fear are twin thieves who rob us of today.

So stop pacing the aisles and counting the miles. Instead, climb more mountains, eat more ice cream, go barefoot more often, swim more rivers, watch more sunsets, laugh more, cry less. Life must be lived as we go along. The station will come soon enough.

 

·第二十一篇:The Love of Beauty 爱美

The Love of Beauty

 

The love of beauty is an essential part of all healthy human nature. It is a moral quality. The absence of it is not an assured ground of condemnation, but the presence of it is an invariable sign of goodness of heart. In proportion to the degree in which it is felt will probably be the degree in which nobleness and beauty of character will be attained.

 

Natural beauty is an all-pervading presence. The universe is its temple. It unfolds into the numberless flowers of spring. It waves in the branches of trees and the green blades of grass. It haunts the depths of the earth and the sea. It gleams from the hues of the shell and the precious stone. And not only these minute objects but the oceans, the mountains, the clouds, the stars, the rising and the setting sun---all overflow with beauty. This beauty is so precious, and so congenial to our tenderest and noblest feelings, that it is painful to think of the multitude of people living in the midst of it and yet remaining almost blind to it.

 

All persons should seek to become acquainted with the beauty in nature. There is not a worm we tread upon, nor a leaf that dances merrily as it falls before the autumn winds, but calls for our study and admiration. The power to appreciated beauty not merely increases our sources of happiness---it enlarges our moral nature, too. Beauty calms our restlessness and dispels our cares. Go into the fields or the woods, spend a summer day by the sea or the mountains, and all your little perplexities and anxieties will vanish. Listen to sweet music, and your foolish fears and petty jealousies will pass away. The beauty of the world helps us to seek and find the beauty of goodness.

 

·第二十二篇:The Happy Door 快乐之门

The Happy door

 

Happiness is like a pebble dropped into a pool to set in motion an ever-widening circle of ripples. As Stevenson has said, being happy is a duty.

 

There is no exact definition of the word happiness. Happy people are happy for all sorts of reasons. The key is not wealth or physical well-being, since we find beggars, invalids and so-called failures, who are extremely happy.

 

Being happy is a sort of unexpected dividend. But staying happy is an accomplishment, a triumph of soul and character. It is not selfish to strive for it. It is, indeed, a duty to ourselves and others.

 

Being unhappy is like an infectious disease. It causes people to shrink away from the sufferer. He soon finds himself alone, miserable and embittered. There is, however, a cure so simple as to seem, at first glance, ridiculous; if you don’t feel happy, pretend to be!

 

It works. Before long you will find that instead of repelling people, you attract them. You discover how deeply rewarding it is to be the center of wider and wider circles of good will.

 

Then the make-believe becomes a reality. You possess the secret of peace of mind, and can forget yourself in being of service to others.

 

Being happy, once it is realized as a duty and established as a habit, opens doors into unimaginable gardens thronged with grateful friends.

 

·第二十三篇:Born to Win 生而为赢

Born to Win

 

Each human being is born as something new, something that never existed before. Each is born with the capacity to win at life. Each person has a unique way of seeing, hearing, touching, tasting and thinking. Each has his or her own unique potentials---capabilities and limitations. Each can be a significant, thinking, aware, and creative being---a productive person, a winner.

 

The word “winner” and “loser” have many meanings. When we refer to a person as a winner, we do not mean one who makes someone else lose. To us, a winner is one who responds authentically by being credible, trustworthy, responsive, and genuine, both as an individual and as a member of a society.

 

Winners do not dedicated their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be; rather, they are themselves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performance, maintaining pretence and manipulating others. They are aware that there is a difference between being loving and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask.

 

Winners are not afraid to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledge. They can separate facts from opinions and don’t pretend to have all the answers. They listen to others, evaluate what they say, but come to their own conclusions. Although winners can admire and respect other people, they are not totally defined, demolished, bound, or awed by them.

 

Winners do not play “helpless”, nor do they play the blaming game. Instead, they assume responsibility for their own lives. They don’t give others a false authority over them. Winners are their own bosses and know it.

 

A winner’s timing is right. Winners respond appropriately to the situation. Their responses are related to the message sent and preserve the significance, worth, well-being, and dignity of the people involved. Winners know that for everything there is a season and for every activity a time.

 

Although winners can freely enjoy themselves, they can also postpone enjoyment, can discipline themselves in the present to enhance their enjoyment in the future. Winners are not afraid to go after what he wants, but they do so in proper ways. Winners do not get their security by controlling others. They do not set themselves up to lose.

 

A winner cares about the world and its peoples. A winner is not isolated from the general problems of society, but is concerned, compassionate, and committed to improving the quality of life. Even in the face of national and international adversity, a winner’s self-image is not one of a powerless individual. A winner works to make the world a better place.

 

·第二十四篇:Work and Pleasure 工作和娱乐

Work and Pleasure

 

To be really happy and really safe, one ought to have at least two or three hobbies, and they must all be real. It is no use starting late in life to say: “I will take an interest in this or that.” Such an attempt only aggravates the strain of mental effort. A man may acquire great knowledge of topics unconnected with his daily work, and yet hardly get any benefit or relief. It is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you do. Broadly speaking, human being may be divided into three classes: those who are toiled to death, those who are worried to death, and those who are bored to death. It is no use offering the manual laborer, tired out with a hard week’s sweat and effort, the chance of playing a game of football or baseball on Saturday afternoon. It is no use inviting the politician or the professional or business man, who has been working or worrying about serious things for six days, to work or worry about trifling things at the weekend.

 

It may also be said that rational, industrious, useful human beings are divided into two classes: first, those whose work is work and whose pleasure is pleasure; and secondly, those whose work and pleasure are one. Of these the former are the majority. They have their compensations. The long hours in the office or the factory bring with them as their reward, not only the means of sustenance, but a keen appetite for pleasure even in its simplest and most modest forms. But Fortune’s favored children belong to the second class. Their life is a natural harmony. For them the working hours are never long enough. Each day is a holiday, and ordinary holidays when they come are grudged as enforced interruptions in an absorbing vacation. Yet to both classes the need of an alternative outlook, of a change of atmosphere, of a diversion of effort, is essential. Indeed, it may well be that those whose work is their pleasure are those who most need the means of banishing it at intervals from their minds.

 

·第二十五篇:Mirror, Mirror--What do I see镜子,镜子,告诉我

Mirror, Mirror---What do I See?

 

A loving person lives in a loving world. A hostile person lives in a hostile world. Everyone you meet is your mirror.

 

Mirrors have a very particular function. They reflect the image in front of them. Just as a physical mirror serves as the vehicle to reflection, so do all of the people in our lives.

 

When we see something beautiful such as a flower garden, that garden serves as a reflection. In order to see the beauty in front of us, we must be able to see the beauty inside of ourselves. When we love someone, it’s a reflection of loving ourselves. When we love someone, it’s a reflection of loving ourselves. We have often heard things like “I love how I am when I’m with that person.” That simply translates into “I’m able to love me when I love that other person.” Oftentimes, when we meet someone new, we feel as though we “click”. Sometimes it’s as if we’ve known each other for a long time. That feeling can come from sharing similarities.

 

Just as the “mirror” or other person can be a positive reflection, it is more likely that we’ll notice it when it has a negative connotation. For example, it’s easy to remember times when we have met someone we’re not particularly crazy about. We may have some criticism in our mind about the person. This is especially true when we get to know someone with whom we would rather spend less time.

Frequently, when we dislike qualities in other people, ironically, it’s usually the mirror that’s speaking to us.

 

I began questioning myself further each time I encountered someone that I didn’t particularly like. Each time, I asked myself, “What is it about that person that I don’t like?” and then “Is there something similar in me?” in every instance, I could see a piece of that quality in me, and sometimes I had to really get very introspective. So what did that mean?

 

It means that just as I can get annoyed or disturbed when I notice that aspect in someone else, I better reexamine my qualities and consider making some changes. Even if I’m not willing to make a drastic change, at least I consider how I might modify some of the things that I’m doing.

 

At times we meet someone new and feel distant, disconnected, or disgusted. Although we don’t want to believe it, and it’s not easy or desirable to look further, it can be a great learning lesson to figure out what part of the person is being reflected in you. It’s simply just another way to create more self-awareness.

 

·第二十六篇:On Motes and Beams 微尘与栋梁

On Motes and Beams

 

It is curious that our own offenses should seem so much less heinous than the offenses of others. I suppose the reason is that we know all the circumstances that have occasioned them and so manage to excuse in ourselves what we cannot excuse in others. We turn our attention away from our own defects, and when we are forced by untoward events to consider them, find it easy to condone them. For all I know we are right to do this; they are part of us and we must accept the good and bad in ourselves together.

 

But when we come to judge others, it is not by ourselves as we really are that we judge them, but by an image that we have formed of ourselves fro which we have left out everything that offends our vanity or would discredit us in the eyes of the world. To take a trivial instance: how scornful we are when we catch someone out telling a lie; but who can say that he has never told not one, but a hundred?

 

There is not much to choose between men. They are all a hotchpotch of greatness and littleness, of virtue and vice, of nobility and baseness. Some have more strength of character, or more opportunity, and so in one direction or another give their instincts freer play, but potentially they are the same. For my part, I do not think I am any better or any worse than most people, but I know that if I set down every action in my life and every thought that has crossed my mind, the world would consider me a monster of depravity. The knowledge that these reveries are common to all men should inspire one with tolerance to oneself as well as to others. It is well also if they enable us to look upon our fellows, even the most eminent and respectable, with humor, and if they lead us to take ourselves not too seriously.

 

·第二十七篇:An October Sunrise 十月的日出

An October Sunrise

 

I was up the next morning be fore the October sunrise, and away through the wild and the woodland. The rising of the sun was noble in the cold and warmth of it peeping down the spread of light, he raised his shoulder heavily over the edge of grey mountain and wavering length of upland. Beneath his gaze the dew-fogs dipped, and crept to crept to the hollow places; then stole away in line and column, holding skirts, and clinging subtly at the sheltering corners where rock hung over grassland, while the brave lines of the hills came forth, one beyond other gliding.

 

The woods arose in folds, like drapery of awakened mountains, stately with a depth of awe, and memory of the tempests. Autumn’s mellow hand was upon them, as they owned already, touched with gold and red and olive, and their joy towards the sun was less to a bridegroom than a father.

 

Yet before the floating impress of the woods could clear it self, suddenly the gladsome light leaped over hill and valley, casting amber, blue, and purple, and a tint of rich red rose; according to the scene they lit on, and the curtain flung around; yet all alike dispelling fear and the cloven hoof of darkness, all on the wings of hope advancing, and proclaiming, “God is here!” then life and joy sprang reassured from every crouching hollow; every flower, and bud and bird had a fluttering sense of them; and all the flashing of God’s gaze merged into soft beneficence.

 

So, perhaps, shall break upon us that eternal morning, when crag and chasm shall be no more, neither hill and valley, nor great unvintaged ocean; but all things shall arise, and shine in the light of the Father’s countenance, because itself is risen.

 

·第二十八篇:To Be or Not to Be 生存还是毁灭

To be or not to be

Outside the Bible, these six words are the most famous in all the literature of the world. They were spoken by Hamlet when he was thinking aloud, and they are the most famous words in Shakespeare because Hamlet was speaking not only for himself but also for every thinking man and woman. To be or not to be, to live or not to live, to live richly and abundantly and eagerly, or to live dully and meanly and scarcely. A philosopher once wanted to know whether he was alive or not, which is a good question for everyone to put to himself occasionally. He answered it by saying: "I think, therefore am."

 

But the best definition of existence ever saw did another philosopher who said: "To be is to be in relations." If this true, then the more relations a living thing has, the more it is alive. To live abundantly means simply to increase the range and intensity of our relations. Unfortunately we are so constituted that we get to love our routine. But apart from our regular occupation how much are we alive? If you are interest-ed only in your regular occupation, you are alive only to that extent. So far as other things are concerned--poetry and prose, music, pictures, sports, unselfish friendships, politics, international affairs--you are dead.

 

Contrariwise, it is true that every time you acquire a new interest--even more, a new accomplishment--you increase your power of life. No one who is deeply interested in a large variety of subjects can remain unhappy; the real pessimist is the person who has lost interest.

 

Bacon said that a man dies as often as he loses a friend. But we gain new life by contacts, new friends. What is supremely true of living objects is only less true of ideas, which are also alive. Where your thoughts are, there will your live be also. If your thoughts are confined only to your business, only to your physical welfare, only to the narrow circle of the town in which you live, then you live in a narrow cir-conscribed life. But if you are interested in what is going on in China, then you are living in China~ if you’re interested in the characters of a good novel, then you are living with those highly interesting people, if you listen intently to fine music, you are away from your immediate surroundings and living in a world of passion and imagination.

 

To be or not to be--to live intensely and richly, merely to exist, that depends on ourselves. Let widen and intensify our relations. While we live, let live!

 

·第二十九篇:Gettysburg Address 葛底斯堡演说

Gettysburg Address

 

Fourscore and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.

 

Now, we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.

 

But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us, the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us---that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion; that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom; and that government of the people, by the people, and for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

 

·第三十篇:First Inaugural Address(Excerpts) 就职演讲(节选)

First Inaugural Address

 

We observe today not a victory of party, but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end, as well as a beginning; signifying renewal, as well as change. For I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three quarters ago.

 

in your hands, my fellow citizens, more than in mine, will rest the final success or failure of our course. Since this country was founded, each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty. The graves of young Americans who answered the call to service surround the globe.

 

Now the trumpet summons us again, not as a call to bear arms, though arms we need; not as a call to battle, though embattled we are; but a call to bear the burden of a long twilight struggle, year in and year out, “rejoicing in hope; patient in tribulation”, a struggle against the common enemies of man: tyranny, poverty, disease, and war itself.

 

Can we forge against these enemies a grand and global alliance, North and South, East and West, that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind? Will you join in that historic effort?

 

In the long history of the world, only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger. I do not shrink from this responsibility. I welcome it. I do not believe that any of us would exchange places with any other people or any other generation. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it. And the glow from that fire can truly light the world.

 

And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country.

 

My fellow citizens of the world, ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man.

 

Finally, whether you are citizens of America or citizens of the world, ask of us here the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you. With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth, God’s work must truly be our own.

 

 

雅思口语P2开头模板

雅思口语P2开头模板

 

 

1.       Well, talking about…… I guess I have bunch of ……. I would like to share with you, but the one I wanna introduce to you now is…….

2.       About…… I should say I adore loads of…….., and today I would choose a quite special one to talk.

3.       The topic is………  Personally I reckon I can remember a host of………… and the most memorable one is………. I think.

4.       As for……….. I believe loads of……… are my ideal choice, however, among these……. Is the most excellent one, that’s I will talk about today.

5.       Frankly speaking, the topic………. Is kind of strange for me, however, there is at least one thing in my vague memory I wanna introduce to you today.

 

雅思作文范文大全

雅思作文范文大全(含小作文)
好的东西,和大家分享,看这个帖子的人肯定比较多,大家别冒险背诵,了解一下范文的思路好了。 这样好的东西,可惜不是我整理的,是一个叫landfish姑娘收集的,厉害!

 

v105 
some people claim that the disadvantages of the car are more than the advantages,do you agree or disagree? 


范文1
the birth of cars have made an enormous change to our life.in the past,we travel from one place to another only by foot,nowaday,cars can do it .its goes withour saying that the invention of cars bring great benefit to all of us.but as proverb goes:no garden without weeds.car is not exception.

owing a car has a lot of advantages.for one thing,car provide us the most convient way of transportation.we can get around freely without spenting a lot of time.emotionally,i always found driving is so exciting.for another,its the comfortable to drive a car.In winter.drivers always can stay warm and dry even in rainy whether,in addition,drivers are usually safe in their cars when they are out at night.

Cars bring the human merits,their side-effects graudually come to the surface.firstly,to run a car need a lot of oil,which is getting less and less.the increasing number of cars contribute the lacking of energy.secondlly,as  more and more cars are used,the traffic ecpecially in big cities is getting heaver and heavier,which lead to the serious social problem--traffic jam.in addition,the inceasing numbers of cars ,which excaust sent a huge quantities of carbon monoxide into atmosphere.it make the air of cities unbreathabe,it strip people contact with frensh air.

therefore,the new energy should be explored to replace the oil so that our envionmental pollution can be avioded .and the strick law should be issued to keep the numbers of cars under control.thus,our heavier traffic can be solluted!


范文2

Private cars vs Public traffic

As traffic problems become more and more serious in many cities of developed and developing countries, their governments have to try hard and loads of money and energy have been spent to deal with them.

Firstly, it is not efficient for the commuters to use their private cars to and back from their workplaces. Occasionally we can see they have to sit on the wheels wasting time and fuel in a heavy traffic jam. At the same time, through burning the fossil fuels, green house gas CO2, CO1, acid rain gas SO2, fumes and dusts are being released into the atmosphere, all of which heavily overload the environment. Thirdly, with the increase of private cars, the road traffic accidents are also rise dramatically. For example, in a city with 5000 cars, there will be at least 250 accidents happening everyday, which also burden the public healthy services. 

On the contrary, expected public traffic may be an ideal solution to these problems. For example city buses and railways are widely used or being constructed by many cities. People can take buses easily, which can be found every 10 minutes or less in the peak time. Actually, Nottingham Transport Company is building its own light railway in the city, which is announced by the speak man of the company, “It will be completed in the next year, the tickets will be very competitive and at the same time the travel will be very safe and comfortable.”
 
On the other hand, public traffic had its own disadvantages. Usually it cannot provide door-to-door service. It is inconvenient to go shopping by public vehicles. Sometimes you must wait a long time for the train. And quite a lot of people prefer to enjoy driving.

In conclusion, developing the public traffic is a useful approach to deal with these difficulties. One possible way, if not the best, is to taxi private cars heavily and use these revenues to provide citizens cheaper public traffic services.
 
范文3
With the development of science and technology, the cars have already become the important component in our daily life gradually. Cars make our life convenient and swift. However, too many cars have caused very serious social problems. Some people claim that the disadvantages of car are more than the advantages. I doubt whether the argument can bear much analysis. 
Since one century [ago], the auto industry has [been] developed at full speed worldwide, and has brought the enormous progresses to our life. For example, the car is the most convenient tool of transportation. We can [be] on and off duty by car every day, we can go to travel by car on the vacation, we can utilize the cars to deal with some emergency too. The car [is] playing an important role in our daily life. They make our rhythm of life faster and faster, make our business become more and more efficient. 
On the other hand, the development of the automobile has brought a lot of infant industry to people, Give people countless employment opportunities too. Such as, manufacturing industry, repairing industry and maintaining industry. We are enjoying the convenience that the cars bring to us; at the same time we can utilize the auto industry to support ourselves.However, we can not ignore that too many cars cause enormous social problems, for example, traffic jam, air pollution, traffic accident, to which we have to find a solution. 
In a word, the cars have brought enormous change to our life; the advantages are far more than the disadvantages. We should recognize the merit of the cars, and do our best to solve the problems. If so, our life will be brighter.

Version 00106

范文1
Nowhere in the world has the issue of tobacco been so much debated as in 
our society. Nowadays, tobacco is more harmful than drug to people’s 
health, therefore many people think that smoking is legal that is a direct and
 primary reason to induce this kind of problem. The above point is certainly 
true; this essay will outline three reasons.

The main reason is that tobacco is a silent killer to smokers. Tobacco is 
known to be the probable cause of some 25 different diseases, and for some,
 such as lung cancer, bronchitis and emphysema, it is the main cause. 
According to a WHO report four million people die yearly from tobacco-relate
d diseases, that is one death every eight seconds. Tobacco is significantly 
becoming a greater cause of death and disability than any other single cause.

Another reason is that more and more young people are under 18 years old who smoke cigarette have been blinded by the deceit of tobacconists. Tobacco among adolescents remains stubbornly persistent. Smoking among adolescents rose in the 1990s in several developed countries, such as China,Vietnam and Thailand . While new markets are being opened by the tobacco industry actions, old markets have not been closed. Tobacco is a global threat.

Last but not the least reason is the increase in cigarette smuggling. Because
 of tobacco smuggling, the legal retailing and distribution systems are badly 
affected, and faced with increased lawlessness and heavy tax losses. This be
havior severely affects the economy.

In conclusion, the tobacco should be considered illegal. Perhaps a pack of 
cigarettes is less harmful than another drug, but tobacco is actually the 
biggest killer of all the drugs.
=================================================

范文2
Advertisements of tobacco and those of “smoking is harmful”are often seen
 together. But there has been an on-going argument about whether or not 
tobacco should be forbidden and made illegal. I have always believed that 
smoking should be illegal for the following reasons.

First, smoking does great harm to human health and causes many diseases. 
It is reported that more than 70% of lung cancer sufferers are smokers, and
 the average life-span of smokers is seven years less than that of non-
smokers. Moreover, it hurts not only smokers, but also the ones around the 
smokers. Many researchers claim that breathing “second-hand smoke” may
 be even more harmful than smoking.

Second, many social problems and disasters can be attributed to smoking. 
For instance, many wives cannot bear their husbands’ smoking all the time,
 which causes many quarrels, or even divorces. Furthermore, the biggest fire
 disaster in China, the Daxinganling fire disaster, was caused by a burning 
cigarette end, and the cost of the resulting loss was unimaginable.
Last, smoking tobaccos is a main source of air pollution.A magazine said that
 for every cigarette smoked each day,a whole tree is needed to clean the air.
In other words, smoking one less cigar every day equals planting a tree. It 
is a brilliant contribution to the earth we are living on.

In a word, all the above demonstrate that smoking harms yourselves as well
 as your neighbors, pollutes the air we ourselves are breathing, and even 
agitates the social peace. So, in my opinion, tobacco should be strictly 
forbidden, and smoking should be made illegal.

范文3
there has long been controversy over the legality and apparent acceptance of tobacco in society .some hold that cigarettes and other tobacco containing products should be banned, that is, treated as narcotics.personally,i agree with this point of view for the following reasons:

although cigarettes do not offer as intense an effect as drugs like heroin and cocaine,they rank higher in the level of dependence it creates in the user.thousands of smokers try to rid themselves of cigarettes but cannot,because of the physiological dependence they developed,chiefly imputable to its chemical nicotine.this explains why smokers continue their habit despite the numerous health warnings. furthermore,medical science has now proved beyond a doubt that smoking kills.with all the other causes of preventable deaths such as alcohol,illegal drugs,aids,suicide,road accidents,fire,and guns,cigarettes still account for more preventable deaths than all of those combined.

more disturbingly,whilst the use of heroin is dangerous solely to the users,the use of tobacco endangers those who are in their vicinity as well. this phenomenon, known as passive smoking, nulls the counter-argument that putting one's own health at risk through smoking should be up to one's own individual choice.reports have shown that the amount of second-hand smoke inhaled by a typical nonsmoker is equivalent to one cigarette smoked per day,and what is more,passive smoking can increase a nonsmoker's chance of getting cancer by ten to thirty two per cent.

there are those who will say that the black market created by outlawing tobacco will produce deadlier cigarettes because the product standards of the bootleggers are not as high.however,we should all bear in mind that legal cigarettes cause roughly four hundred thousand deaths a year.it is hard to imagine the limited distribution provided by the criminal underworld could compete with this tragic figure. 

to sum up, the harm visited upon our society by tobacco usage is substantial.there will be no solution other than to control tobacco much in the same way that the government now controls drugs which could allow people to remain attentive to the seriousness of the effects of these substances,and hopefully to prohibit their usage. 

范文4
Apparently, it would seem that tobacco is totally different substance from drugs, and it can be used freedom by public. In fact, however, our authority should make tobacco illegal as well as drugs, and using of tobacco should be controlled strictly.

Tobacco only can be used for research and medical purpose. As far as I am concerned, as a kind of dope, tobacco has been widely used to help patients alleviate their pain in surgery. At the same time, ordinary people should not be allowed to access it legally for two main reasons.

Among countless factors which influence my inclination, there is a most conspicuous one: it is harmful that smokers addict to tobacco. Many decades ago, scientists have already found that there is a definite link between smoking and bronchial troubles, cardiac disease and lung cancer. More seriously, it not only has negative influence for smokers, but others living or working in same surrounding, even the next generation of a smoking pregnant women may be harmed by so-called “second hand smoking”. Research shows that sometimes “second hand smoking” is more dangerous than smoking directly, because, at least smokers can get the protection from filter tips to some extent. Thus, compared to the hazard of drugs, tobacco can involve more other innocent people and harm their health unknowingly.

The second aspect relates to the problem that our natural resources and money are wasted senselessly during the course of planting, transporting and manufacturing tobacco. In light of a statistics, China consumes nearly 1,000 tons of wood fibers to produce cigarettes annually. Besides, the investment absorbed by tobacco manufacturers every year, is enough to solve all financial troubles that higher education have to face. Obviously, if tobacco is banned by our governments, it means that considerable money will be saved.

In summary, judging from all the evidence offered, we may safely arrive at the conclusion that tobacco should be forbidden as well as drugs except for a few special purposes, such as research and medicine.

补充
With the development of society, our life and working pressure are greater and greater. In this way, a lot of people have become smokers. Tobacco, as a kind of drugs, prevails in the society. Some people hold the opinion that tobacco should be given freedom be use, but others, in contrast, deem it should be made illegal as the same way as other drugs and that is also my point.

Medical science proves that smoking can cause the heart diseases, lung cancer, and the immune system diseases. These diseases are all mankind's healthy enemies. The statistics have showed that people who die of the lung cancer, over 90% are smokers. In these smokers, 85% are chain smoker. So, obviously, there is enormous danger to the human health in smoking.

In addition, smoking not only dangerous to smoker, but also do harm to people at smoker's side. The tobacco contains a large number of noxious substances, such as nicotine. Just as a famous physician says, smoking is equivalent to commit suicide chronically. 

However, the cigarette can really relax our nervous nerve, within short time. People, especially, who have heavy working pressure, are prone to produce sense of relying on to cigarette. Moreover, as everyone knows, a lot of countries impose the heavy taxation to tobacco manufacturer and seller, thus, if the tobacco business is considered as the illegal activities, the revenues of the country will be reduced correspondingly.

In a word, the danger to people of cigarette is obvious. Though it can help us flee away from pressure, this to use health as cost. Our government should forbid the production of the tobacco, make our world fresh and nonpoisonous.


With the development of society, our life and working pressure are [getting] greater and greater. 
In this way, a lot of people have become smokers. Tobacco, as a kind of drugs, prevails in the society. Some people hold the opinion that tobacco should be given freedom [to] be [used, but others, in contrast, deem [that] it should be made [as] illegal as the same way as other drugs and that is also my point. 
Medical science proves that smoking can cause the heart diseases, lung cancer, and the immune system diseases. [all of these diseases are enemies of mankind's healthy] . The statistics have showed that people who die of the lung cancer, over 90%, are smokers. [Among] these smokers, 85% are chain smokers. So, obviously, there is enormous danger to the human health in smoking. 
In addition, smoking not only dangerous to smokers, but also [does] harm to people at smoker's side. The tobacco contains a large number of noxious substances, such as nicotine. Just as a famous physician says, smoking is equivalent to commit suicide chronically. 
However, the cigarette can really relax our nervous nerve, within short time. People, especially, who have heavy working pressure, are prone to produce sense of relying on to cigarette. Moreover, as everyone knows, a lot of countries impose the heavy taxation to tobacco manufacturer and seller, thus, if the tobacco business is considered as the illegal activities, the revenues of the country will be reduced correspondingly. 
To sum up, the danger to people of cigarette is obvious. Though it can help us flee away from pressure, this to use health as cost. Our government should forbid the production of the tobacco, make our world fresh and nonpoisonous. 


Although it is a freedom to use tobacco{烟草} while some people think it should be made illegal as the same way as other drugs. To what extent do you agree or disagree? What’s your opinion?

A:

Tobacco should be made illegal, I agree with this idea personally. I hope most drugs can be made illegal, because, as far as I know, they are bad to our health. However, currently most countries still keep it free to use tobacco, and this situation seems to be very hard to change in a short time.

From my own experience, using tobacco is not a good thing, especially using is for a long time. It will lead to many kinds of diseases, more importantly, many of them are fatale. One of my friends died from using too much tobacco, and it is believed there are many more people like this. The other thing that I am concerned of is, if a country doesn’t make using tobacco illegal, many young people will have a chance to use it, i.e. students. It is very dangerous, because if someone gets addicted to this when he is very young, he will then almost surely have a big health problem when he is old.

I am happy to see that, although it is free to use tobacco in many countries, most of those countries still somehow try not to encourage people using it. For example, tobacco advertisement is banned in many countries, and for many countries, smoking is banned in public places. Overall, most countries are trying to stop the use of tobacco, though it will take sometime. In my opinion, it is essential to limit the use of tobacco, and I hope everyone doesn’t use.

Version 00108
Some people said the government shouldn't put money on building theaters 
and sports stadiums; they should spend more money on medical care and 
education. Agree or not agree? 

=================================================
范文1
Nowadays, the gap between the city and the countryside becomes more and more overt, which arouses colossal concerns. To understand the solution, let’s take a closer look at the causes of the gap at first. 
The main reason of the gap is the unequal investment between city and rural area. China is a typical example. While more and more money is being invested to the coastal areas and big cities, such as Beijing and Shanghai, the lack of investment barriers greatly the society development of rural area and western regions
The low education level partly sharps the gap. There is no doubt that the prime force of productivity is education. However, because of poverty, thousands of people go to work without graduating from primary school. The poorer, the few children go to school. This bad cycle finally leads to the dream of rich becoming a dream that is hard to realize.
Moreover, the rural area is short of people with high quality. A survey proved that most of university students, whether they come from city or countryside, choose big cities instead of poor areas to work. The rural area can neither adept talent man nor attract talent man. No wonder the gap is increasing largely.
Hence, The government ought to knock itself out to decrease the gap as soon as possible. First, balance the investment between city and rural area. In addition, the education level should be improved, especially pay attention on raising high quality people. Besides, let more people realize the latent capacity of rural area in order to attract talent and investment. The set up of CCTV channel12-western region channel is a good example.
Only when the ways mentioned above are realized step by step, can the gap between the cities and the countryside be bridged.


范文2
Nowadays, many people argue against the government putting money on 
building theaters and sports stadiums. They have claimed that medical care 
and education would benefit the citizens and the country much more. 
However, I believe it is worth building more theaters and arenas.
First, stadiums and arenas provide ideal places for people to have physical 
exercises and entertainment. After a whole week’s hardworking, people can 
enjoy a wonderful football game in the weekend, and refresh themselves 
with a good relaxation there. Moreover, the physical exercises are good for 
people’s health, which will ease the pressure of medical care.
Second, theaters and museums can be used as base areas of culture and his
tory education. The British Museum, which is the largest one in the world, 
provides visitors with knowledge about the world culture and the arts. The 
visitors to the museum are all overwhelmed by the magnificence of the 
cultural and historical displays featuring mankind’s achievements. In additio
n, the performances shown in the theaters will also greatly enrich the lives o
f citizens. People can enjoy ballet, symphony, and Peking Opera in a theater,
 which contain the soul of Chinese and western cultures.
Third, running theaters and stadiums can earn much money.And this amount
 of money can do great contribution in other fields, including medical care, 
and education. After winning the Olympic 2008,Beijing made a plan to spend
 160 billion RMB building an Olympic Village. This will surely attract many 
sports fans to China, which would be much rewarded, not only in economy 
but the whole society.
You can tell form my commentary above,since building theaters and stadiums
 benefit not only individuals but also the state, it is very worthy of these 
expenses.And the government should speed up the pace of the constructions.

范文3
An argument often heard these days is that whether or not the government should put money on building theaters and stadiums. Some believe that instead of spending money on this area, Medical care and education, both of which are basic developing factors of one country should be spent more money on. After weighting the pros and cons, I disagree with this opinion.
Firstly, theaters and stadiums are best choice for people relaxing. Most of workers, especially white collar who often feel nervous after one day’s hard work, need to relax both mentally and physically. Compared with staying at home, it is much better way to stay in comfortable theater and listen to a wonderful concert.
 In addition, going to theaters and stadiums affect the same effect as education and medical care. Having more chances to go to theaters can help them mold character. There is no better way to keep healthy than doing proper sports in the daily. In this way, the culture and health will be improved greatly, which plays the same role of education and medical care.
Moreover, theaters and stadiums are basis essential facilities to a developed city. Take holding an Olympic games as an example, it is no doubt it will take millions of money to build stadiums. Why the winner country is proud of that. Because this is a confirmation given by whole world. 
Of course I don’t mean that the more theaters and stadiums, the better society will be, after all, nothing can take the important place of medical care and education.
In summary, the key point is to keep both of this two part developing. Only in this way, can all people live better in future.

V108
Some people said the government shouldn't put money on building theaters and sports stadiums; they should spend more money on medical care and education. Agree or not agree?
Recently, a criticism often heard is that the government tends to put too much money on building theaters and sports stadiums. They maintain that medical care and education would benefit the citizens and the country much more. However, I advocate building more theaters and arenas. Numerous circumstances lead to the worth of building theaters and arenas, but here are two main reasons:

What strikes me most of all is that theaters and sports stadiums provide ideal places for people to build up a world of relaxation. After five days of hardworking, people can refresh themselves by taking physical exercises and enjoining a football game there. Meanwhile, exercises is to health what water is to fish. The physical exercises can benefit people’s health, which will surely ease the pressure of medical care. Moreover, it provides people a good opportunity to enter into communion with each other, which will benefit people’s mental health.

Beyond this, it is also of paramount importance to use theaters and museums as the “social classroom” of culture and history education. The Sydney Opera House, which is the mother and father of all modern landmark buildings, has come to define not only a city, but also an entire nation and continent. The opera house shows the concept of modernism and the never properly finished inside provides visitors with a story of its creator Jorn Utzon. In addition, the performances which contain the soul of human civilization shown in the theaters will also greatly enrich the lives of people from all over the world. 

Certainly, medical care and education both play dominant roles, but building theaters and sports stadiums will benefit not only the individual both mentally and physically, but a nation and continent permanently

V108
Some people said the government shouldn't put money on building theaters and sports stadiums; they should spend more money on medical care and education. Agree or not agree?
Recently, a criticism often heard is that the government tends to put too much money on building theaters and sports stadiums. They maintain that medical care and education would benefit the citizens and the country much more. However, I advocate building more theaters and arenas. Numerous circumstances lead to the worth of building theaters and arenas, but here are two main reasons:

What strikes me most of all is that theaters and sports stadiums provide ideal places for people to build up a world of relaxation. After five days of hardworking, people can refresh themselves by taking physical exercises and enjoining a football game there. Meanwhile, exercises is to health what water is to fish. The physical exercises can benefit people’s health, which will surely ease the pressure of medical care. Moreover, it provides people a good opportunity to enter into communion with each other, which will benefit people’s mental health.

Beyond this, it is also of paramount importance to use theaters and museums as the “social classroom” of culture and history education. The Sydney Opera House, which is the mother and father of all modern landmark buildings, has come to define not only a city, but also an entire nation and continent. The opera house shows the concept of modernism and the never properly finished inside provides visitors with a story of its creator Jorn Utzon. In addition, the performances which contain the soul of human civilization shown in the theaters will also greatly enrich the lives of people from all over the world. 

Certainly, medical care and education both play dominant roles, but building theaters and sports stadiums will benefit not only the individual both mentally and physically, but a nation and continent permanently

V108
Some people said the government shouldn't put money on building theatres and sports stadiums, they should spend more money on medical care and education. Agree or not agree?

Government, as the controller of the macroeconomy, usually put large amount of money on building theatres and sports stadiums to stimulate the consumption.  Especially when globle economy is in recession, stimulation is one of the methods for government to catch the economy’s fall.  However, to my opinion, government should spend more money on medical care and education.

For men, health and education are the basic elements for development.  We often say health is the best wealth.  Without health, even if you are a millionaire you will not enjoy your life.  The society needs more medical care to ensure people to live happily and create more fortune.  This is a physical base for development of society.  The spiritual foundation should be obtained from education.  Only with more knowledge, can we catch up with the improvement of economy,  society and technology.  We need healthy people and brilliant minds to change our world into a better one.  Theatres and sports stadiums are signs for higher standard of living.  Compared with the basic development factors, they are minor.

Insufficiency in medical care and education will impose great stress on poor people and produce unstable factors for society.  If government invested too much on recreational places, it has to lessen the expenditure on medical care and education since the total amount of distributable money will not be changed.  Such action will do little influence on riches, but affect poors greatly.  They can’t take out money from their own pockets to see doctors nor pursue higher education.  Dissatisfaction for government will arise gradually.  Then, how long the government can exist with the society fluctuated?

To make all people live and work in peace and contentment and to be a long-last power, government should do more to secure people’s basic rights.  Establishments for improving living standards are in second place. 


v108 Some people said the government shouldn't put money on building theatres or 
sports stadiums but should spend more money on medical care and education. Do you
 agree or not agree?

Theatres and sports stadiums are facilities with the purpose of enriching people’
s spiritual life. However, some people claim that the government should spend mor
e money on medical care and education rather than on such recreational programs. 
As a matter of fact, these people fail to realize the essence of this issue. I di
sagree with this statement for the following reasons.

First, with the development of society, the basic material needs for people has m
ainly satisfied, a more important task for the government is to improve people’s
 spiritual life. Human beings differ from other animal species in that we live no
t only for prolonging our lives, but also for spiritual pursuit. 

Second, entertainment projects contribute to the development of economy, as well 
as collect money to solve people’s basic needs. An typical example can be found 
in the fact that every country is eager to win the right of hold the Olympics mai
nly because of the economic benefits it brings. Another example is that many spor
ts and cultural activities have donated a considerable amount of fun for benefic 
projects.

Last but not least, entertainment and cultural services also play an important ro
le in education as well as improvement of people’s health. As the living standar
d enhance, people tend to not only go to school for education, but also go to the
atres to receive another form of education. Sport facilities such as stadiums pro
vide opportunities for people to exercise their body.

According to the reasons I give above, it can be concluded that entertainment and
 cultural constructions are worth building. The statement that government shouldn
’t put money on them is invalid.

V108         投资剧院运动场---医疗和教育
The reason that government-who is in dispose of public money-is elected primari
ly to improve the social welfare of its people. As long as people in a society la
ck the basic need, such as medical care or education , the use of public funds to
 support theatres and sports stadiums is inappropriate-and, perhaps, even cruel-
when one considers all the potential uses of such money.
According to the psychological pundit Maslo, human needs can be classified into f
ive categories: survival, safety and love, others recognition, self-realization, 
and spiritual refinement. Among the five categories, the need for medical care an
d education is on the lowest floor of the pyramid and is also crucial. 
The basic function of theatres and sport stadiums is to give people large extent 
of pleasure in order to ensure them to work more effectively and efficiently to c
ontribute more to the society. While them, classified into the category of spirit
ual refinement, is at the pinnacle of the pyramid. If we to realize our spiritual
 refinement, we should first fulfill our basic need. Or our seemingly resplendent
 pyramid is on the verge of collapse due to its lack of a solid plinth. 
   The first and foremost step of its aim to fund medical care and education is t
o satisfy basic need. In case that such the condition as described in the topic h
appened (though very rarely), the government will be overturned. See multitudes o
f revolts of peasants in China’s history.
Even though people’s basic needs can be fulfilled, the society, especially the g
overnment, should not use all its money to the theatres and sports stadiums, a pr
oper proportion of the investment must be considered exactly.

 

 

Version 00109
the computer are widely used in education and some people think teacher 
are not play important role in the classroom . 
to what extend do you agree?(agree/disagree) 
范文1
Computers are widely used in education and some people think teachers are 
not playing an important role in classroom. To what extent do you agree or 
disagree?
The 21st century is the period of information, in which computers will play 
an important role in every area of our lives. Recently, computer assisted 
education has become more and more popular in primary schools, high 
schools and colleges. The computer’s multimedia abilities make the classes 
lively and interesting. As a result, some people have said that teachers are 
no longer playing a significant role in classroom.I can hardly agree with the
m.
First, it is the teacher who creates the software used in class. For example, 
the software may be an outline of the teacher’s lecture.If you listen to som
e lectures, you will find that the lectures contain far more information than 
the multimedia software includes. While showing the class, most teachers will
 expand the knowledge extent, especially adding some latest discoveries and 
breakthroughs. So, the computer is just an assistant, which makes the class 
more vivid and clear. Teachers and students are the main part of a class.
Second, computers cannot organize activities in class in place of teachers. 
For example, we often do some group work during classes, and it is the 
teachers who set the groups and control the time. After checking our 
homework, teachers will understand what the real weakness of students is, 
and adjust their classes to improve their teaching, while computers cannot. 
Moreover,the interaction between students and teachers is very useful.During
 the asking and answering of questions, students pose problems and find 
answers more clearly. But computers, now, have not that intelligence.
All in all, although computer technology is developing very quickly and 
computers can solve more and more problems without people, teachers still 
play an important role in class. And I insist that, no matter how the 
technology develops, teachers will be in the front of the classroom forever
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范文2
The computer is widely used in education
,and some people think teachers d
o not play important roles in the classroom. To what extend do you agree or
 disagree?
In this period of communication,computer has been used in all kinds of fields
 widely, and plays a particular role in our lives. Especially computer has 
become more and more important in educational field, therefore dozens of 
people considered teachers could be replaced computers that will go with the
 current of the times. The above point is certainly wrong; this essay will outl
ine three reasons.
The main reason is that people’s brain better than computer. Firstly, people
 design all kinds of computer’s programs. Secondly, computer doesn’t hav
e logistic ideation. Computer only can defend on that designer inputted 
computer’s programs to judge a question’s right or wrong. In other words,
 computer can’t defend on thinking that computer independently analyzes a
 question’s right or wrong. In case, designer inputted programs that are 
wrong. Computer output the result that also will be wrong. If this kind of 
problem happened in classroom, students would be infused plenty of wrong 
information.
Another reason is that computer’s programs designed software of education
 that could be amended difficultly.If software of education of bugs were foun
d, commonly these of problems couldn’t be solved in the classroom. The so
ftware was amended that means total of program were corrected, not only 
parts of program were inserted or amended usually.
Last but not the least reason is computer is mechanical,it couldn’t be suited
 all kinds of students and different demands. As students’ intellect is differe
nt, same of software couldn’t base on every status of student to set a perf
ect project.
In conclusion, computers couldn’t instead of the position of teachers in the 
classroom, however computer is an absolutely good helper for teacher

范文3
In this IT age, computers are widely used in the classroom in order to enrich the methods of teaching. This phenomenon gives some the illusion that the thing teaching students is no longer the teacher but a computer. Personally, I disagree with this opinion.

As another machines, computer doesn’t enable to control itself. Though computers are capable of learning from their mistakes and improving on their performance, they need details instructions from human being in order to be able to operate. They can never, as it were lead independent lives, no mention teaching students. In case a computer lacks the control of a teacher, there is no difference between a computer and waste.

Not only this, but computers, unlike a teacher, can’t solve a variety of new problems. Everything is developing in today’s society, including education. For example, a student suddenly asks a creative question that the computer isn’t programmed for, it can do nothing, while teacher can explain clearly though abundant teaching experience. 

Last but not least, the computer can’t communicate with students from emotion. Such as an eyesight or gesture of teacher can transfer his or her idea and feeling to students. In this way, students can feel more human touch in the class. In comparison, the computer is too dry and dusty to understand. 

All in all, no matter how nice a computer is, it can’t take the place of teacher. Of course, I don’t mean that computer is useless. In contrary, I believe it will become the most powerful assistants to teacher in further.

范文4
Computer, the most exciting and significant invention in 20 century, will reshape our lives and our world. As a result, some people proclaim that computers should be involved into our classroom, and replace the roles of human teachers. However, I cannot agree with their point of view.

Admittedly, as the useful tools, computers can become the optimum assistants for human teachers in the classroom. To beginning, vivid pictures shown on screen can motivate students’ interest and curiosity dramatically. Moreover, the combination of computers and Internet can provide children the abundant information. Although computers enjoy considerable merits, they cannot compare with human teachers for two main reasons.

Among countless factors which influence my inclination, there is a most conspicuous one: computers are not as qualified as human teachers in academic fields. As we all know, students can get the final result of a mathematic question under the help of computers, however, they are still confused on the whole computing process. By contrast, our human teachers’ performance is much better in those cases. They not only can teach students how to analyze and compute the question, but also can remind them what are the possible errors that they may meet. Thus, human teachers are more adequate than computers in academic aspect.

The second advantage of human teachers is they can guide students to deal with some psychological problems that they meet in schools. In China, sometimes, teachers even burden many responsibilities that students’ parents have. For example, as for the student with rebellious spirit, the important duty for teachers is to prevent the student from campus violence, even crime. Obviously, computers cannot do that.

In summary, from what has been discussed above, we may safely arrive at the conclusion that the positions of human teachers are unshakable, and computers cannot take the places of them. 


范文5
with the development of new techonology and science,computer are widely used in education.therefore,some people think we dont need teachers anymore.i totally disagree with the above point.

there is no denying that the computer bring great benefit to people and are of great help to students.computer can be programmed to simple digits of question,as the students answer these digits,their theoritical knowledge can be reinforced.

however,in practice and learning of complex questions,computer can never replace the humain brain or surpass the human intelligence.computer only can tell your the final correct answer.but it cant provide students opportunity to think over it,which limited their creativity.teaching itself is an art rather than a machnican activity.therefore,teachers function can not be neglected.

firstlly.computer only can do work according to the procedure fomulated previously.they can not answer all question in defferent way.teachers,however,can teach students according their attitute.some students who have better ability to accept knowledge,under teachers'guidance,can be save time to gain other knowledge.

secondly,facing the vivid dilivery from teachers,students can be improved their motivation and concentration.the effective communication operated by teachers not only can help students understand the knowledge,teachers also can teach students how to be a valuable people,which cant be done by computer.

in addition,various teaching methods can help student absorb the knowledge rapidly.when students meet with the thorny question,teachers not only can explain it in different way,they also can show them the important deductive process.

therefore,i would say teacher is the good compesation for flexiabilly lacting in the computer.i totally  disagree with view that we dont need teachers anymore!

 

范文6
“Get up, boy, it is time to go to school.”
“I dislike having get up early. I can take an on-line lesson at anytime I like.”


It is a completely ordinary dialogue occurring in modern life. Yes, it is the com
puter, whose ever-accelerated updating brings about tremendous changes in our sch
ool lives. A typical application is Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI), which ai
ds teacher to impart knowledge to student more efficiently by it’s multimedia ch
aracters. However, a vigorous debate over the issue whether or not teacher are by
 no means important in pedagogy field has intrigued the public. In my submission,
 the computer can be great help of teacher but they can never replace or surpass 
the position of teacher. I will offer the following reasons.

Firstly, CAI are designed and programmed by human instructor. They only condense 
parts of teacher’s experience and intelligence. Moreover, being a successful ins
tructor requires not just these factors but a wealth of experience and interpret 
new experiences using that information. The computer after all are man-made machi
ne. 

Secondly, the progress of instruction is complicated and complex, and the educati
onal achievement of CAI is limited. Some sorts of course, such as basic education
al course( 
想想什么课程用电脑教不好), are not necessarily to be expressed by the 
computer to reach productive effect.
 
Finally, communications and interactions with teacher and computer are quite diff
erent. The latter is too impersonal, which ruins the pleasure of emotional exchan
ges. Sometimes gazing at the cold flickering screen is a disinteresting and tirin
g experience.

Admittedly, though computer may help teacher to provide student with a richer and
 more effective learning environment, yet they can not substitute the position of
 teacher, not only today, but the future. 


范文7


Computer, as the most powerful tool in 21 century, is widely used in education areas. Whether computers can instead of teachers become a controversial issue. From my point, I don’t think computers can take the place of teachers. 
First and foremost, computer cannot communicate with students. Every human being has feeling. Teachers are not only teaching students knowledge but also showing their loves to students when they are teaching. How to have a conversation with others and how to take care of others can be learned from teachers. For example, teacher can take you to the hospital when you are sick. In comparison, computers cannot likely to it. 
Secondly, computers cannot help students when the get confused. Asking teachers is the best way to do when students get any quires. However, computers do not have this function. Study is a two-way process, teachers can excite students’ imaginations and fire their creations. 
Last but not least, computers cannot organize teaching activities instead of teachers. Take England as an example, students need to do a lot of practical experiments, especially in physics and chemistry. When they do these experiments, students usually work together as a group and discuss with teachers. Team work is a very important part to shape students’ personalities. 
From what has been discussed above, we might safely say that computers can never take the place of teachers. We should always remember that human beings are the host of technology and computer is a machine no matter how clever it is! 

(251 words) 

   媛 

范文8

V109     Computers “V” Teachers

The computer is widely used in education and some people think teachers are not playing an important role in the classroom. To what extend do you agree or disagree? 

With more and more extensive use of computers in education, some people claim that the importance attached to teachers has been jeopardized. Therefore, computers will replace teachers in the classroom. However, it seems quite clear to me that learning from teachers is the most important way that cannot be substituted for students.
  Naturally, some people maintain that computer should instead of the old way of education. They hold that the strong function of the computer offers a new mode of education, which is more interesting, more vivid and more acceptable by children. The students will not face to the serious teachers and calm classes any more, which are replaced by a brand-new world offered by the Internet. In addition, this can decrease the investment on the foundational education and save the human resources and material resources.

As an assistant, computers do help teachers with their work, but they can never replace the important role of a real teacher. The main functions of any computer are storage and calculation. It cannot think on its own anyway. All the teaching data stored in computers are the essence of teaching experience generalized by many teachers during their work. Hence, to assist education, what a computer can do is just to repeat the contents summarized by real teachers.

In addition, each student has different talents and different defects, and accordingly, they may come across various problems during their study. Computer programmer designing the software, however, cannot predict these problems. Therefore, a single computer can never solve these problems without a teacher’s guidance

Furthermore, if the significance of teacher has been weakened, the number of teachers may be decreased, that is to say, many teachers may be laid-off. If such a case comes to reality, series of social problems will break out, such as the drop of working opportunity which will surely make the burden of whole society become heavier and heavier.

In conclusion, although computer-aided-education has spread widely, teachers still play s crucial part in the classroom, which cannot and will not be replaced by computer.


范文9

as the most important invention in the 21 century,computers have windspread in the world,and the use of it has become the necessity of various spheres both in our work and in our daily life. although computers are also greatly utilized in the education field,teachers are still playing a crucial part on the platform. personally,i believe that teachers should not be replaced by computers due to the following reasons.

being the architect of humanbeings' moral, teachers  shoulder the responsibilities of passing knowledge to students as well as shaping them to be real men with good qualities. students may learn some certain knowledge from computers which are cold and senseless, but good qualities can only be taught by teachers.

at the same time,computers might not give detailed and understandable elaboration of complicated theories. after judging whether the answers are right or wrong computers fail to tell them why they make such mistakes. the problems can only be dealt with by teachers.

in addition,some elementary academic exchanges,such as discussion and association,cannot be organised by computers.nevertheless, teachers  make up the deficiendy.by this means,students' learning enthusiasm is greatly activated.

above all,computers bring about many significant revolutions in the education field,but teachers are still the hosts of the classroom.we should always bear in mind that men are the owner of technology and no matter how intelligent the computers are,they are merely man-made machines.

范文10

Along with the mass use of computer technology in education circles, we are delighted to witness the uncountable conveniences be brought by computer. Some people even argue that teacher will not be important in classroom any more. Is this reasonable? Personal speaking, I oppose holding such a ridiculous conclusion.

In the first place, the feature of teaching defines teachers as an essential part in education. It is well known that teaching is a process of mutual-communication: firstly, teachers impart/initiate knowledge or ideas to students, then students should promptly transfer their feedback to teachers, moreover, teachers will give students the final interpretation according to their specific requirement. Besides, teachers also can (teach students in accordance of their aptitude). In contrast, what computers can do is merely to display materials which have already stored in their EMS memory or mechanically execute operator’s commands. We actually can not image what our education will being if computers substitute teachers totally.
As to another reason, it seems that teacher’s role as a supervisor is more and more overt. Computer is indeed a controversy, it not only can be an efficient education assistant, but also can become an addiction which includes too much violent and (pornographic propaganda). Youngsters do not mature fully in psychology, therefore, without teachers' supervision, many children would spend hours playing computer games or surfing unhealthy websites, which are regarded as a waste of valuable time and intelligence, instead of trying to have a good command of knowledge and skills.

We never deny that computers are absolutely an available education implements, furthermore, the combination of teacher and computer technology will greatly improve our education quality. However, from all of the grounds of argument mentioned above, we can safely draw a conclusion that teacher will not be replaced by computer in the classroom.

范文11
v109 The  computer are widely used in education
,and some people think teacher ar
e not play important role in the classroom .
To what extend do you agree?

Computers nowadays are more and more widely used in education. Hence, some people
 claim that teachers are no longer playing important roles in the classroom. I co
mpletely agree with this statement. Although teacher may be more emotional than c
omputers, the later actually far outdoes in educating students, for the following
 three reasons.

First, it is an undoubted fact that computer are more likely to provide sufficien
t information to students. Neither a well trained graduate from education institu
te nor an experienced teacher can offer more knowledge than an advanced computer.
 Human brain is more suitable for creative activities, but not in conveying infor
mation. As a result of the rapid development in technology, the computer’s capac
ity of containing information will become much stronger.

Second, computers are more efficient in educating students than teachers, not onl
y because they will merely make mistakes, but also due to that the will not feel 
worn out after a long time of work. It goes without saying that teachers are some
times complained to transfer mistaken messages to students. And the latter, lack 
of enough related knowledge, finally become the victims of such mistakes. Further
more, as they were so tired after a whole day working, teachers are often slow in
 reaction while asked questions by students. Computers, which can never effected 
by emotional factors, have no such disadvantages.

Last but not least, children are becoming more and more familiar with computers w
hile they are being taught by this new technology. It’s widely accepted that com
puter has become an essential tool for our daily life. Children could learn how t
o master it better by the process of being educated by it rather than taking an i
ntentional class presented by a teacher. Classroom, as everybody believes, is a p
lace where students learn knowledge and skills, both academic and practical. So i
t should be the duty for school to prepare students for the computer-oriented soc
iety.

All in all, although teachers still contribute to education, we can’t turn a bli
nd eye to the fact that they are not important any more compared to another kind 
of tutors-computers
 

范文12
开头:
Along with the mass use of computer technology in education circles, we are delighted to witness the uncountable conveniences be brought by computer. Some people even argue that teacher will not be important in classroom any more. Is this reasonable? Personal speaking, I oppose holding such a ridiculous conclusion.
正文:
In the first place, the feature of teaching defines teachers as an essential part in education. It is well known that teaching is a process of mutual-communication: firstly, teachers impart/initiate knowledge or ideas to students, then students should promptly transfer their feedback to teachers, moreover, teachers will give students the final interpretation according to their specific requirement. Besides, teachers also can (teach students in accordance of their aptitude). In contrast, what computers can do is merely to display materials which have already stored in their EMS memory or mechanically execute operator’s commands. We actually can not image what our education will being if computers substitute teachers totally.
As to another reason, it seems that teacher’s role as a supervisor is more and more overt. Computer is indeed a controversy, it not only can be an efficient education assistant, but also can become an addiction which includes too much violent and (pornographic propaganda). Youngsters do not mature fully in psychology, therefore, without teachers' supervision, many children would spend hours playing computer games or surfing unhealthy websites, which are regarded as a waste of valuable time and intelligence, instead of trying to have a good command of knowledge and skills.
结尾:
We never deny that computers are absolutely an available education implements, furthermore, the combination of teacher and computer technology will greatly improve our education quality. However, from all of the grounds of argument mentioned above, we can safely draw a conclusion that teacher will not be replaced by computer in the classroom.

 

 

Version 00111(2003.2.4日 英国诺丁汗  a类)

Is it nature or nurture that plays a major role in the development of personality? What's your opinion? 

范文1
IN certain respects, children are the same all over the world. But many 
factors affect the development of children, both parental support and 
education being major influences. There are vast differences between 
schooling styles, and parental attitudes towards children, in China and the 
West. 
Some of these differences have obvious causes, for example, the "Little 
Emperor" syndrome in China. Parents everywhere have dreams for their 
offspring. However, the concentration of energy invested into planning for a 
child's future is noticeable in China, as it is not diluted by the presence of 
siblings. 
This adoration can be seen in other ways. One of the most common is 
spoiling children, giving them everything they want. Some of the time this is
 a reward for good work, although there are children who receive all they wa
nt merely because they demand it from their parents. 
Hard work? 
Parents also have this tendency to spoil children in the West. If a child does 
start to see itself as the all-deserving star of the Universe,usually its siblings
 will tease and bully the child until it stops feeling self-important. 
Another contrast between the upbringing of children in China and the West is
 in schooling. Without a doubt, Chinese children work harder than their 
European and American counterparts. Their industriousness is admirable, and
 in comparison, Western students are lazy. In European countries, teenagers 
will often have a Saturday job, or holiday job, to supplement their allowance.
 This is rare in China,where education is considered of paramount importance,
 and time working detracts from study.The same contrast is true of romantic
 relationships between teenagers. I spoke to Han Li, a 16-year old student in
 Huhhot, about boyfriends. She said: "I have no time for a boyfriend, even if
 I did want one. I must study hard, there is a lot of pressure on me to get 
good grades and go to university." 
The style of teaching is very different in China from in the West. The notion 
of "repeating after a teacher'' seems old-fashioned and redundant in America
 and Europe. Large class sizes may be the reason for the popularity of this 
teaching method. In England, any class over 30 is considered large enough 
to impair learning. However, I have noticed that this parrot-style of learning 
is being replaced with more progressive methods of education in many 
Chinese schools. 
The perfect solution would be to combine Western and Chinese education 
methods. Combat the laziness and apathy of Western students; encourage 
initiative within Chinese students, by expecting independent thought as 
opposed to mindless repetition. As for spoilt kids anywhere, some of these 
children would benefit from a smack on the bum. 
Genevieve Roberts graduated from Leeds University, England. She has spent 
the last eight months teaching in China. Anyone with unusual cultural or 
social experiences who wants to share them with us here at 21st Century 
can send a copy to elt@21stcentury.com.cn. 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
范文2
There has been an argument on personality and individual’s development fo
r a long time. The key point of the dispute is which factor plays a more 
important role, genes or training after birth? In my opinion, the latter is the 
crucial complication, though genes are significant.

Although genes have great effects on one’s personality, environment plays 
a more important role in his further development. Let’s take an experiment
 for instance. There was a research on a couple of identical twins who were 
born in a big city, but they were separated after birth. One was taken to a 
poor suburban area, while the other remained in the city. Fifteen years later,
 surely, the one in city grew tall, strong, extroverted and well educated. By 
contrast, the other was short, thin, introverted and nearly illiterate. This well
 demonstrates the importance of nurturing.

In addition, education, especially early education, is another key factor.When
 children are very young, they try to imitate their parents’ behaviors, and 
run into some manners. After going to school, different education systems an
d even different courses students taking will make influence on their 
personalities and ideas. Students of science and technology subjects are good
 at logical thinking, while students of arts usually think in terms of imagine.

As you can tell from my comments above, no one can choose his nature,but
one can be greatly successful after striving for himself or being well educated.
 And no one can be successful relying on his genes without good environmen
t. So, in my opinion, environmental influence and education will ultimately 
decide one’s personality and development.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
范文3
Nowhere in the world has the issue of children’s education been so much 
debated as in our society. Nowadays, many parents let their children attend 
all kinds of courses that will help children to get a better future; therefore, 
some people think that the postnatal nurture is more important than the 
congenital factors for personal growth and progress. The above point is 
certainly true; this essay will outline three reasons.

The main reason is that success of a child would not be separated from right
 teaching and personal effort. Currently, lots of famous scientists and 
politicians gain huge success in the world, as they are long-term to hard 
work. Moreover, the main reason why plenty of developing countries drop 
behind is their poor education.

Another reason is that if people do not work hard but only depend on their 
high intellect, they will be far from successful. For instance, the little Bronte 
was quite clever during his childhood; he was particularly adept at writing. 
But he was so satisfied with his superior intellect that he did not study 
carefully. Finally, he became an idle person. However, his sisters became 
famous authors as a result of their hard study. They are Charlotte Bronte 
and Emily Bronte. Charlotte wrote “Jane Eyre “, “Wuthering Heights” was
 written by Emily. 

Last but not the least reason is the advantages of natural factors that are 
more and more similar.Plenty of advanced technological products are invente
d and widely used.They can supply people’s gaps.In the past, the difference
 of mathematical ability was remarkable. With the invention of the calculator,
 people can hardly find out the difference.

In conclusion, scientific and proper teaching is the most significant factor for 
personal growth and development. If people are satisfied with their 
advantages, they will become the biggest failures. 

范文4
(278words)
        Nowadays, most of children are the center of a family, so the issue about which plays major role in personality, nature or nurture, is paid increasing attention by parents. As to me, I am fond of that molding one's character depends on nurture rather than nature.
    People's character will affect greatly by the people around them especially their parents. The survey proves the possibility of commit of person who deleted born in a family which have a crime is one to four times higher than the normal family's person's. To image, when a child shape character, always have a bad example around him or her, no wonder the crime possibility is much higher. So just as the saying goes:" he who keeps company with the wolf will learn to howl."
    Moreover, the growing environment influences child's personality unconsciously. There is a famous story in China: Aiming to find a willing studying condition, a mother moves for three times. They at last move nearby school. From then on, the boy who used to be naughty corrects his bad habits and changes into a hardworking student. After he grows up, this boy becomes one of the greatest philosophers in Chinese history---Mencius.
 This story really shows how important role that the environment play in children's personality.
    Of course, we couldn't neglect the effect of nature, such as parents' gene. The child is a chip off the old block. Some characters proved by medical research have already existed before human were born. 
    All in all, as for one person's, both nature and nurture influence the development of quality. Personally, I believe the nurture can partly make up the shortage of nature.

范文5
Difference between children's education
By 21ST
Published on 2003-01-30
Posted on 2003-02-04
IN certain respects, children are the same all over the world. But many factors affect the development of children, both parental support and education being major influences. There are vast differences between schooling styles, and parental attitudes towards children, in China and the West. 
Some of these differences have obvious causes, for example, the "Little Emperor" syndrome in China. Parents everywhere have dreams for their offspring. However, the concentration of energy invested into planning for a child's future is noticeable in China, as it is not diluted by the presence of siblings. 
This adoration can be seen in other ways. One of the most common is spoiling children, giving them everything they want. Some of the time this is a reward for good work, although there are children who receive all they want merely because they demand it from their parents. 
Hard work? 

Parents also have this tendency to spoil children in the West. If a child does start to see itself as the all-deserving star of the Universe, usually its siblings will tease and bully the child until it stops feeling self-important. 

Another contrast between the upbringing of children in China and the West is in schooling. Without a doubt, Chinese children work harder than their European and American counterparts. Their industriousness is admirable, and in comparison, Western students are lazy. In European countries, teenagers will often have a Saturday job, or holiday job, to supplement their allowance. This is rare in China, where education is considered of paramount importance, and time working detracts from study. The same contrast is true of romantic relationships between teenagers. I spoke to Han Li, a 16-year old student in Huhhot, about boyfriends. She said: "I have no time for a boyfriend, even if I did want one. I must study hard, there is a lot of pressure on me to get good grades and 
go to university." 

The style of teaching is very different in China from in the West. The notion of "repeating after a teacher'' seems old-fashioned and redundant in America and Europe. Large class sizes may be the reason for the popularity of this teaching method. In England, any class over 30 is considered large enough to impair learning. However, I have noticed that this parrot-style of learning is being replaced with more progressive methods of education in many Chinese schools. 

The perfect solution would be to combine Western and Chinese education methods. Combat the laziness and apathy of Western students; encourage initiative within Chinese students, by expecting independent thought as opposed to mindless repetition. As for spoilt kids anywhere, some of these children would benefit from a smack on the bum. 

Genevieve Roberts graduated from Leeds University, England. She has spent the last eight months teaching in China. Anyone with unusual cultural or social experiences who wants to share them with us here at 21st Century can send a copy to elt@21stcentury.com.cn. 

By Genevieve Roberts, SPECIAL TO 21ST CENTURY 

范文6严禁模仿)
Introduction ( 38words)
Human's endeavor in researching on factors affecting one's personality and development has offered quite a amount of proofs. My position may provide you with a clear notion that nurture plays a far more important role in one's development. 

Body 1 (95words)
Reportedly there was a maid, a countryside girl with only an educational background of primary school, working for an American professor who worked in Shanghai Jiaotong University, China. After two years of stay at the learned and exotic surroundings, amazingly this plain girl could speak fluent English and started to help the host to receive and send e-mails to his students. When the professor left for New York later, soon she sought a post at a multinational firm. This example clearly reveals a common truth: appropriate nurture can turn an average person to be competent. (topic sentence)

Body 2 (89words)
I will then go on to examine my position by offering other facts. It is well believed that overseas graduates who once furthered their education in foreign universities are taking incredible places in China because these elites have a broader way of thinking and their bilingual and creative capabilities have proved themselves much better than domestic ones. In contrast, some people show their linguistic talent by precisely speaking a variety of dialects but still lead a poor life because no foreign language learning process has been conducted for them. 

Conclusion ( 42words)
To sum up, the competence of a former maid and the qualities of overseas Chinese students already illustrate an undeniable fact: a right way of nurture can mould one to be outstanding whilst extraordinary nature without nurture is a waste of resource.

范文7

Which element between nature and nurture plays the major role in children’s personality and development is always a controversial problem. Of course, which you prefer depends on your own experience, life style and emotional concern. Here, I would like to illustrate my point of view about it.

Admittedly, different nature determines people have distinguished starting points in their lifetime. To beginning, in light of medical research, a person’s blood type has considerable influence to his character. General speaking, for example, a person whose blood type is A means that his personality is amiable and tender probably. Besides, the physical condition, even appearance may influence a person’s development. Statistics shows that beautiful people are more confident than others, because they do not need to worry about the prejudice from public. Obviously, some parts of our personality have been decided when we born. 

On the other hand, although nature is important during the course of shaping personality, we cannot ignore another essential element, nurture. There are many factors which affect the development of children, both parental support and education being vital influence. It is reported that the kid whose parents are divorced is more likely has psychological troubles than those with a harmonious family. By contrast, as we all know, good education will positively cultivate a person’s personality and improve his self-restraint in a big way.

In summary, from what has been discussed above, we may safely arrive at the conclusion that partly because of different nature, partly because of different nurture, people have their unique personality.  

范文8
For centuries,people have heatedly debated the problem that what  
runs a more significant position in characteristic and development. 
At first glance,it would seem that nature is the crucial factor. 
Closerexamination reveals,however,that nurture makes the determinative  
effect.Personally,I side with the later opinion.Some reasons as  
follows can demonstrate my viewpoint. 

Most important,elder generation's way of actionun fluences much on  
children's psychology.Because of the small age,kids have little  
understandings about the condition and they always intimate what  
their parents do.It is frequent to find that the sons possess the  
same gestures of walking or eating with the fathers.Meanwhile children  
are using their parebns' way to think of and deal with matters out  
of habit. 

What is more,just as Edison's best-known saying goes:"Genius is one  
percent inspiration and 99 percent perspiration." Everyone is no  
exception.The heritage does give out benefit; however, its effect is  
too limited.Man must make it through hardwork and proper cultivation. 
In ancient China,Fang Zhongyong, concidered as a child prodigy, had a  
talented ablity of poem creation.Unfortunatly,he did not acquire a well 
education,which leaded to the lost of teputatuon ten years later. 

Last but not least, superior postnatal nurture can bting a promissing  
development to youngsterds.Numerous aspects o fchildren's personality  
are formed after the borth such as the view of world and value.The nurture just serves as these points as it shows a correct direction to the youngs  and tutors them. 

From what has been mentioned above, we can safely come to the definitive  conclusion that nurture is the most critical ingredient for personality  and personal growth.


范文9


nowaday,variety of language and culture has been lost rapidly,as a matter of fact,the speed of language and culture dissapear is as fast as the speed of development of society.i would rather to give the main reasons for it and explore the good solution to this phenomenon.

firstly,its undeniable that the development of new technology and science contribute the ressesion of traditional culture.microwave,for example,save my mother time.throw the prepared and forzen food into it,we will have the dinner within a few minutes.but we will not have the delicious food cooked by my mother.gone foreveris the traditional cooking.

secontly,as the economic globalization is being carried out,the traditional culture is being under the threat of assimilation.especailly in chinese depress areas,as the western culture with investment floods into these nations,.the young people became obbessed with the fresh culture so that they miss very much their own culture.however,culture just like a mirror which reflect the value of one country,how can these cultures exist if the young people who are the hope of one country are tired of learning it?

in addition,nowaday the young people whose mother tongue is not english became crazy about learning english on the ground that english well can  ensure them a decent job,a better life.they spent a lot of time in studying  english so that they dont have spare time to develop and enrich their own language.so,its not surpring that many a language,only spoken by few people,disappear one by one in the mordern society.

To sum up,the distinct culture make our world colourful .it is notonly belong to their own country,it also belong to the world.let us cherich our traditonal culture,for it embody the very costoms and culture,which sustain our family ,our friendship  and our spirital life!


范文10
some people think the natural gift play the major role in the children's development.in contrast,other think the nurture is more important than nature .personally,its more advisale to choose the latter view than the former one.

to begin with the Einstein's bestknown saying:the gunius is 1% inspiration ,and 99% prespiration.even Einstein who is one of most wisest people in the world also have to think and study for months before he fomulate the famouse relativity of theory.in addition to it,there is also a countexample to support my point.in Ming dynasty of china,there was a 3-year-old boy who was genius at creating a perfect poem within 3 mins.but his father did not provide him opportunity to develop his ability,instead,he frequatly took his son to the banquet hold by the rich to perform how to make a quict poem in order to earn money.when this genius child grew up,his tallents dissappeared just for lacking of right education.so ,i fomulate the two important factors for the development of children's personality.

firstlly,the success of child would not seperated from  round education.as the hebert spenser's famouse saying:education is has for it abject the information of charactors.its reported by scientists that the disble man also can performs as well as the nomal people if they are nurtured and educated.the parents as the first teacher and teachers should give proper instruction and correct guidance to their development.

secondlly,indiviial great efforts is indispensable.the many politican and statemans gain success though the great efforts when they were young.there is also countexample.the most successful people may not be the most cleverest people.according to the studies conducted among the group who was the same class before 10 years,those whose average point is in the middle 50 % ,all became the richers and managers.while few of the young people who is upper 10 % became the bosses or excutives.studies show people who do not word hard only depend on their intelligence will be far from the sucess.

therefore,the kid is the seed,the nurture is the fertile soil in which the seed can grow well.among all ingredients for children's development,round  education is very important,moreover,individial offort is also indispensable!

范文11


The contentious issue in the domain of sociology in the past mainly concentrated 
on postnatal nurture and congenital element still has been steeped in controversy
 nowadays. The key point of it is, which factor has top priority in personal grow
th and progress. On the strength of compelling and convincing research and eviden
ce, I prefer the former. This essay will outline the following reasons.

In the first place, environment and parents enlightenment play utmost and crucial
 roles in children’s personalities and further development. When they are young,
 they often unconsciously imitate parents’ behaviors. As prevailing Chinese slan
g says, “Better unborn than unbred”, which connotes that parents should strengt
hen the supervision over and education of kids. After accepting education in scho
ol, their identities and ideas are deeply affected by diverse instruction system 
and even distinguishing courses. For instance, students of science are apt at log
ical thinking, while students of arts are inclined to thinking in image. Granted 
that it happens to identical twins, their behaviors are not genetic because life 
has presented them with different opportunities. 

In the second place, one with innate intellect uncertainly becomes a genius insom
uch as his success owes much to his capabilities and arduous efforts. Take an ins
tance of Charlotte Bronte’s brother who was quite bright during his childhood. O
nly did he depend on his superior intellect, so that neglected his study. Finally
 he became an idle person, while his sister became a famous author as a result of
 hard study. Even Albert Einstein said, “A genius is that kind of person with 99
 percent diligence plus 1 percent intelligence.”  Apparently, his success is not
 so much by talent as by strenuous work.

In conclusion, no one can choose his nature, but one can be successful after stri
ving for himself and being well educated. Moreover, no one can be triumphant only
 relying on his genes. Namely, nurture passes nature.

范文12
V111     Children - Nature or Nurture?

Which one has deeper influence on molding children’s personalities and their development nature or nurture? 

In certain respects, children are the same all over the world. But when they grow up, they become quite different. What has caused such considerable changes? I believe nurture plays the crucial role in personality and development of a child. In another word, the circumstances surrounding the child are more important to form its character. 

As an old saying remarked, ‘No man is born wise or learned’. Had nobody taught him, a man would even not be able to count from 1 to 10, no matter how talented he were. In fact, a nascent infant to who has scarcely given birth, in certain aspects, is just the same as a kitten being no aware of so-called character. Its nature is to cry for food when it feels hungry, or cry for release when it feels uncomfortable. That is that. The true story of ‘wolf-child’ can be the best evidence. 

On the other hand, the parents, teachers, as well as other people around a child, are the main builders who develop its personality. Learning from the circumstances, the child forms its character and concepts of the world. People always say ‘the best horse needs breeding, and the aptest child needs teaching.’ Without correct guidance, a clear conscience can even go bad. For instance, a father is a deep drug addict, and in most cases, his son starts this dangerous experience very early, by reason of smoky air he has breathed since his childhood. Such situation is not rare. On the contrary, we often hear similar news from media.

As you can tell from my analysis, among all factors affecting the growth of children, nurture is the crucial one, which is much more important than the nature or any other else.


范文13
Nature or nurture, which one has major influence on our personality and development? This issue has been widely debated in our country nowadays. As far as I am concerned, I am inclined to support the standpoint that nurture plays a more crucial role in youngster’s development.

To begin with, scientific research has already proved that the intelligence quotient(IQ) we were born with is not differ from each other too much. We have to admit that the so-called whiz-kids could be found are actually seldom. If we want to lead to any success, we need to rely on postnatal education and self-struggle which are the decisive factors. For example, Edison was regarded as a fool in his primary school. However, he got uneaqualed achievement by his own efforts. 

In the second place, children’s limited natural gift will disappear soon if his/her nurture can not support it sufficient. Only can we say that the advantageous intelligence is a helpful condition to achievement, but the advantages will not last for long. There is Chinese fable: a boy called zy had some talents in poetry, so his father continuous take him to attend feast to boast his gift instead of bringing him to school, several years latter, zy have not any intelligence in composing poems any more. Therefore, we can find how important does the parental education and studying environment are!    

Finally, the concept for success given by Einstein also indicates the essential effect of education and hardworking. He said: success is equal to 99% of diligence plus only 1% of genius. From his notion, we can easily find that the diligence is the indispensable element for people’s accomplishments. 

From all mentioned above, we can safely come to a conclusion that only education and industry can mould people to be excellent and outstanding, merely depend on 
So-called nature gifts are absolutely deficiency.

111(别人写的)
There is a dispute over what plays a chief role in one’s personality and development. Some maintain that it is concluded by the characteristic people born with, whereas others are confident that it defers to the experiences people have had in the life. For my part, I tend to share the latter point of view, and I would like to give two major reasons in the following.

On one hand, wealth and material status have an import effect on people’s personality. According to Maslow’s Theory, basic needs is human being’s primary requirement. Without solving the basic demand for food and clothes, people’s character is vulnerable to be ruined and can hardly develop in other spheres. For example, there were twins born in a poor countryside. One of them was adopted by a rich relative and lived in a???? metropolis, but the other stayed in village. Thirty years later, the urban son grew up into a prosperous professional, while the rural one was uneducated and made a hard life. It is different material condition that contributes to this contrast.

On the other hand, education, particularly the education from one’s childhood to adolescence, has a final say on his development. Children are too young to distinguish good from bad. They ought to be taken under the guidance of parents and teachers. Sensible ideas and decent behaviors lead them to become moral persons. Something evil, otherwise, such as violent films and drugs, make them stray from the right way. Herewith, people with excellent development are usually well educated.

To sum up, diverse contributing factors can be identified, nevertheless, I still insist that acquired experiences have much more influence on people’s personality and development. What we must do is making sure that the positive ones are encouraged and the negative ones are eliminated as far as possible.

 

 

Version 00113 
 some people think that university should not provide theoretical knowledge, but to give practical training benefit to society.
do you agree or disagree. use your own experience and knowledge to support your idea.

范文1
Most universities and colleges spend a rather long period in fundamental 
theories and elementary courses. But students regard these kinds of 
knowledge useless, and pay less attention to them. They suggest school pay 
more time for practical training instead of providing theoretical lessons. In 
my opinion, however, theoretical knowledge is necessary. And one will 
definitely benefit from it.
First, fundamental theories, such as math and physics, are the basis of other
 knowledge. To a student who majors in automatic control, the course of 
control system is the most practical and useful in the future. But if he isn’t
 good at math and circuit, he will hardly be able to understand the principles
 and methods of how to control a subject or process. It is just like 
constructing a building. How can you imagine a spectacular high-rise without 
a firm groundsill? That is, theories and practices are interrelated. We can 
ignore neither of them.
Second, theoretical basic knowledge provides not only the knowledge itself, 
but also a way that how to learn and research. University is a place for 
scientific research and invention. So it is necessary for students to have the 
skill of doing research. Seeing from another angle, science and techniques 
are exploding so quickly that present skills will soon be out of date. If one 
learnt nothing except practical skills, he would also fall behind the society. 
But if one could master the method of research, he would be able to refresh
 himself continuously with advanced technology.
From all the commentaries above, we can learn the important role of 
theoretical knowledge. Although pragmatism is very popular today, we should
 pay enough attention to the basis and principles.

范文2
Nowhere in the world has the issue of student been so much debated as in 
our society. In this competitive society, ability of work and employment 
experience have become very important features of ordinary students’ futur
e; therefore, many people think that university should teach students the rea
l knowledge that comes from practice and direct experience. The above point
 is certainly wrong; this essay will outline three reasons.

The main reason is that students’ study will be delayed and disadvantaged.
 The academic knowledge of students will be hard to make greater progress 
in order to practical training and employment experience. In this special 
period of life, students have the best memory and intellect. If they do not 
work hard at study, they will lose it that could be balanced by neither good 
employment experience nor information of outside classroom. If students 
choose to carefully study academic knowledge in the university, they would 
gain a better future.
Another reason is that current knowledge of students is not enough capable 
to face practical training’s requirements. If students are not taught 
professional theoretical knowledge, they just depend on the basal academic 
knowledge that they studied in the high school. In fact, they are really 
difficult to progress real practical training and gain abundant employment 
experience.
Last but not the least reason is the professional theoretical knowledge that it
 is necessary to work of future. For instance, when I graduated from 
university, I did not have any employment experience. But, I was hired a 
famous network company. I could gain this work chance, only, because of 
my professional theoretical knowledge. 
In conclusion, the students ought to only study theoretical knowledge in the 
university. It is unnecessary to let university that provides plenty of practical
 training

范文3
Which kind of courses should universities provide: theoretical knowledge or practical training? Some people prefer the later one and assert that the practical training can benefit our society. Personally, I strongly disagree with their point of view for three reasons.

Among countless factors which influence my propensity, there is a most conspicuous one: practical experience should be accumulated in society, not in universities. I can think of no better illustration than the saying: “society is another kind of university” (Mao Zedong). Literarily, in society people can study practical knowledge as well as studying theoretical knowledge in universities. Besides, campus is full of academic atmosphere, and there is totally different from the circumstance in society. Thus, it is difficult for students to accumulate the real practical experience in campus. 

The second aspect relates to the importance of theoretical knowledge. Apparently, it would seem that some academic subjects, such as mathematics or sociology, cannot benefit companies or society directly. In fact, however, they are the basis of practical subjects, such as management or finance. For example, it is almost impossible to talk of economics without mentioning the fundamental roles played by statistics and mathematics. 

Furthermore, universities are where theoretical knowledge is handed down from generation to generation. As we know, form Oxford University to Yale University, from Beijing University to MIT, universities congregate a lot of preeminent scholars and professors whose main jobs are the academic research. They are responsible to impart the academic knowledge to the young generation in case of they are faded from our memory.

In summary, from what has been discussed above, we may safely arrive at the conclusion that the theoretical courses are not as obsolete, profitless and unimportant as some people believed. And our universities should be responsible to provide the theoretical knowledge

范文4
along with the shinking job market,the young school leavers found its more and more hard to follow the ideal job,therefore ,they place the blame on the universities today,saying that courses offered by universities cant provide them the enough practical  training which ensure them a decent job , a chanllenging and promotion position.i dont think that view can hold water.they dont really understand the function of universities in our society.

its impossible that people experience all important events,only by practical training offered by universities.as the speed of which skills is getting obsolete,the new techolology and science is getting unpredictable.the practical training is far from the enough.the theoritical knowlege provide us unlimited additional experience.we not only can trace back the wisdom of  anticedents.we also can keep up with the development of society.sure,its the second- hand experience.few of us can live over 100years,but all of us can live many lives by learning anticedents's second- hand experience.

moreover,the university is not teach us how to earn our bread,but make us every monthful sweeter.thats is to say,they can not guarantee our future jobs.but they can help me to add  energy,to rich inspire,to increase knowledge.which set us apart from the schools which only vocational trainings.without a solid theoritical knowledge,the latter cant elicit our creativity.

therefore,we should not measure the university only by how many their grauduates get established in society.结尾忘了,由于作文给了别人,以上所有作文都是回忆的,这个结尾大家自己补充。

范文5
Most universities and colleges spend a rather long period in fundamental theories and elementary courses. But students regard these kinds of knowledge useless, and pay less attention to them. Thus, some people think that university should not provide theoretical knowledge, but to give practical training benefit to society. As for me, I think this view is reasonable in some aspects.

First of all, the theoretical knowledge just handles problem is an abstract concept. It must combine with real job, can just give play to its efficiency. The theoretical knowledge losing contact with reality is nonsensical. For instance, as everyone knows, with the development of society, Work position more and more need experienced talent, that is to say, they need those people who can combine theoretical knowledge with practice. So, more offering practice training to university students can help them to adapt to the society better. 

Secondly, the theoretical knowledge root in practice. Any theory knowledge is obtained from the work of practicing. The universities provide practical training to students, make them understand the theoretical knowledge deeply. Just because of this, more and more universities stipulate that students should participate in social work at least one year in the four years, in order to get practical training. 

However, the theoretical knowledge is the quintessence of practice, and it is the important course that we can't ignore too. So, theoretical knowledge and practice have the equal status in our study.

In a word, theory knowledge and practical training are all our required courses. We must study theory knowledge, and then apply it to practice. Just like what a famous sayings said: thoughts can give off brilliant light only when put into actions.

 

 

version114
People have different expectation for jobs. Some people prefer to do the 
same job for the same company, and some people rather than change the job 
frequently. advantage and disadvantage?  
赖劲松老师的范文1
Some people prefer to stay in the same job for the same company, but others prefer to change jobs frequently. You should use specific reasons to compare the advantages and disadvantages of both sides.

people rarely have an absolute consensus on the controversial issue whether a man should intend to go in for a life-time career. These day, very few people prefer to always taking a position.

in some senses, a life-time career has its merits. First, if you stick at taking a post, all angles of the job will have appeared; after some time, you will definitely have a good command of it. Consequently you may become a veteran of the field and earn respect or prestige from others. Second, you can establish an extensive social connections relating to the field, helping you tear down most of the barriers standing in the way of your working endeavor. Finally, mistakes of the routine tasks would be minimized because you have learned the lessons. 
 
however, as the modern society develops, experiencing different jobs has its advantages. Initially, we look at the issue of bribery. Many high-level staff are inclined to accept bribes via power in hand. However, if he knows that someone else will soon take his place, such acts can be avoided. We then look at work motivation. If one works for the same company for a long time without promotion, he may get sick and tired of doing the same daily routine. Nonetheless, a manager should have qualities of a sense of teamwork and the capability of coordination. Therefore, to try various positions can help you gain ground to be promoted.  

Conclusion ( 67 words)
In summary, staying in the same post can cultivate one to cut out for the job but involve one in a boring career while changing jobs frequently can be both advantageous by keeping bribery away and providing one with more opportunities of promotion and disadvantageous by making mistakes occasionally. In my opinion, people should seek a decent and good-paid job and pay little attention to changing it. 


范文2
Nowadays, whether of not stay in one position for a long time is a problem that worried about a lot of people. To understand the solution, let’s take a closer look at the two sides of both at first.

The merit of going in for a life-time career is obvious. Firstly, long time working in the same position can help one become an expert in this area, for it is natural to get familiar with your work from every angle and accumulate abundant experience. In addition, mistakes of the routine tasks would be minimized because you have learned the lessons. However, the defect is also caused by the long time unchanging job. As every one’s patience is different, some may feel that the longer they do the same job, the less interest and power they may have.

In comparison, if one person changes job frequently, he or she never annoy about this problem, which is the best advantage of doing like this.
Once the worker feels bored with job, changing it directly. But this would make one person not good at any subjects that he or she did. What is worst, while the competition of job is getting sharper and sharper, who can be sure of finding a job whenever he or she wants?

Therefore, since each of two ways shows a unique quality, the better way, in my opinion, is to try some jobs at first in order to make an aim. Once seeking the job you like, don’t alert it easily and devote yourself to it

范文3
In the last few years, with the development of society, working in a place all along has already become history. People can choose their job freely, so, people have different expectation for jobs. Some people prefer to do the same job for the same company, and some people rather than change the job frequently. This dispute has brought our attention.

First of all, the free choice of the job is the inevitable outcome of the social development. People can give play to their different ability in different work positions. To a person gifted in many ways, it is very challenging to often change the job. For example, a person has very outstanding ability, in the specific field. He can change his job after working some time in one place, in order to seek kind development. Moreover, a person has very good ability in many aspects, then, He can often change and work, in order to seek the feeling of freshness or raise the quality of life. 

However, to some people or some specific posts, it is impossible to often change the job. For instance, an accountant, he only grasps the knowledge and experience of accounting, he can work perfectly within the specific limits, and then changing job is unnecessary to him. Furthermore, in order to make the scientific payoffs, some scientists dedicate themselves to the scientific undertaking.  

So, I think whether people should change the job frequently, should depend on their personal situation or their working position. As a saying goes, it is one-sided to treat the question in isolation.

Version 00116
Some information in films, books and on the Internet has bad influence on 
young people and even on society. Some people think such information should be controlled. Give your opinion on both sides of view use your own experience and examples 

范文1(据说是8分)
Nowadays,people can get almost any information from films,books or the internet,but some information can have negative influences on young people and even our society. The following essay discusses whether there should be censorship of information in society or not.

To begin with, some information is harmful for children, therefore we should protect children from some information. By this I mean, children are easily influenced and they cannot distinguish what is right or real and what is wrong or unreal, as they are immature, and hey probably imitate what they have seen. As a consequence, we should protect children from some information such as excessive violence or obscene material, so that they can grow up to be valuable members of society.

Another point to bear in mind is that some information which could be harmful to society should be censored. For example, some material that encourages racism,violence or terrorism threatens social security, and it might lead to some serious social problems, such as crimes. Therefore, the government should ban this kind of information in films,books or on the internet.

However, people do have the right to choose what they what to know, and they should be allowed access to most information. Further more, most adults are good people and will not be influenced in a negative way easily, thus they should have the freedom to decide what they want to know, and the government should not censor all information, as the government is only a group of people after all.

In conclusion, parents should strictly control what their children watch or read, and the government should censor such information in children’s books, films or websites. In addition, the government should ban some information which encourages racism, violence and terrorism, as it is harmful to society. However, on the other hand, since it is people’s right to choose what they want to know, the government should not censor most information.

范文2
As the more and more important part of our lives, media plays significant role. However, sometimes public may ignore its negative influence on teenagers, even our society as a whole. Here, I would like to illustrate my point of view on the issue.

Admittedly, it is almost impossible to talk of our vivid lives without mentioning the vital roles played by various medias, such as books, films and Internet. First, as main entertainment and leisure methods, reading, watching films and surfing on Internet take up our most spare time. And they become the most popular way to help us relax after a pressured working day. Second, we have opportunities to access to all kinds of up-dated information, news and events reported by media. Thus, it is undoubted that mass medias are reshaping our lives, and influence our world in a big way.

However, we should notice that, in this moment of triumph of media, it also presents us realistic and potential hazards along with its benefits. To beginning, because of more and more vehement competition, some medias come to fudge events for catering the appetite of a few readers and audience. More seriously, some of them, representing their political groups or governments, may tend to report a war with bias. We become content with the second-hand experience. Little by little, some medias cut us off from the real world. In addition, some books, films and TV programs with pornographic information and glamorizing violence may poison the minds of juvenile. It is commonly believed that there is a definite link between violent movies and campus violence. Last but not least, over addicting to films, Internet and TV waste children a lot of study time. And it is always accompanied with poor academic performance. One of my classmate did not pass final exam last semester due to surfing on Internet took up his too much study time. Obviously, media bring too much negative influence to our teenagers, even the society as a whole.

In summary, there are still many other reasons can support my inclination, but the obvious ones have been represented as above. Although so many problems brought by media need to be resolved, I do believe that, as time passes, governments will find a feasible way to change the situation


范文3
nowaday,people constantly found themselve exposed variety of imformation, imformation is indeed nessasy to people's life.it bring great benefit to all of us.

their is no denying that information bring a great convinience to people.Sitting at home,all we have to do is to press the button,then we can lattest information about what peple;s life is like in other country.since we have internet ,we can research our information need only by doubling the mouse.it open the fantastic world to us.in our school library.we can check the catelogue of congress to the team paper for it.information has became an indispensable part of human being.without it,we would act like blind,and could not step forward.

Despite the positive infludence the information plays,their passive aspect cant be neglect.the young people are not support to variety of imformation.they dont have enought experience to tell good from bad or right from wrong.for examaple,books with much discription of violence and sex will tempt the children to fight and commit sex crime.
some tv programm are also contamination.there are a lot of pronolograghy things which bring bad impart on children.for instance.if a person on tv get what he or she want by stealing it.children maybe copy this behaviour.therefore,they gain the unacceptable values,which will be harmful to their further development.

To sum up,we should take action to control the increasing the neglected influence on the young people.for one thing.instruction and advise is nessasary to their education.young people who receive the proper instruction will be more likely to became the frendly social members.for another ,the strict law should be issued to keep them under control.i am sure,information will play more and more function in the future

Version 00117

范文1
Nowhere in the world has the issue of competition and cooperation been so 
much debated as in our society. Nowadays,the competition is more and more
 furious between different groups, but many people think that parents teach 
competition to children that it will be bad for their growth,let them learn how
 to cooperate that is the most important. Above point is certainly true; this 
essay will outline three reasons.
The main reason is that children’ intellect is not enough capable to analyze 
right and wrong competition. If children do not have correct teaching, the co
mpetition easily leads children to a wrong way. For instance, children usually
 pay attention to match their clothing and toys; in fact, it is really worth 
competing thing that their study is being ignored.
Another reason is that if children work together,they could easily find out an
d supply their gaps. Because of limit of age,in order to children’s knowledge
 is limited so that they have the different strongpoint. When they work 
together, they can learn the merit from others, and quickly correct their mist
akes. 
Last but not the least reason is the cooperation means common progress. A 
people’s ability is limited, but group’s power is unlimited.Lots of things are
 really difficult to complete by personal power. Nevertheless, people work 
together to solve problems that will become really easy and simple. Thus, it 
is important to let children get to know signification of cooperation.
In conclusion, children ought to learn signification of cooperation and how to 
work together, in order to their better future.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
范文2

Competition and cooperation are going along together in the modern society.
 And there has been an on-going argument on which to be more essential in
 children’s education. In my opinion, they are both necessary, and the 
society cannot grow any more without either of them.
On one hand, competition concerns about the subsistence of individuals and 
companies. We can take Motorola for instance. He used to be the strongest 
cooperation in telecommunication industry. No one could compete with him. 
But he slowed his steps in exploration of digital communication, which gave 
a good chance for companies like NOKIA and SIMENCE to develop. And 
NOKIA now has possessed more than 30% of the market, while SIMENCE 25
%. To individuals,the thing is the same. No employer would like to employ a
 man without ambition and progressive spirit.
On the other hand, we can achieve no goals without cooperation. Along with 
the division of labor in society, no one can fulfill a task by himself. There are
 many examples in our lives. In the designing process of a PC game, it cost 
many people to work together. Some work on the ideas, some paints the 
images, some edit the music, and some deal with the programs. Without this
 cooperation, the production would break down. Since jobs are more and 
more complicated, the only way to deal with them is separating people into 
groups, and making them cooperate with each other.

You can tell from my comments above, without competitions we will be able 
to live peacefully though develop slowly, but without cooperation, we cannot 
live in a modern society. Furthermore,since China put out the one-child polic
y, Chinese children are competing with each other drastically, what they are 
short of is cooperation. So, instead of competition,children should learn more
 about cooperation.

范文3
Nowadays, the world in developing at a high speed, therefore, everyone, especially children, need to learn how to live in this fast changing day. The problem is which ability is more important, competition or cooperation? Personally, I believe both of them are essential skills in future life.
It seems that learning competition is more useful, for children will live in a competitive environment after they grow up. However, the time of proud of one hero has past. We also could neglect the importance of cooperate, after all, no matter how strong ability that a hero has, he or she in also different to beat up to power of one group. It is why “working with group” in one of basic requirements of many companies.
Of course, the future society ‘s rule is “Surival is the fittest”, so just becoming an expert of cooperation is far from enough. Stress from society and family impels children to involve in the cruel competition. Studies have shown that the children who living in competitive environment will knock their out to study courses and accomplish jobs. It is reasonable to believe that Competition, which is the one of strong power of future society developing, is the basis ability of young people. In this way, Competition will playing an important role in education, and even more powerful.
All in all, competition and cooperation must go hand in hand. The key point is keeps the balance between competition and cooperation during teaching. Only when you get this two ability that you walk faster on the way that leads to success.


范文4

Children education, is always a debating issue. Some people support that children should learn how to compete, others opposite that cooperation should be taught in schools. Of course, which you prefer depends on your own experience, life style and emotional concern. Here, I would like to illustrate my point of view on the controversial issue

Admittedly, it is commonsense that a person without cooperative spirit will be difficult to survive in the modern society. Increasingly, companies come to realize that teamwork spirit is one of most important elements, which can positively influence their success in business. Consequently, many job recruiters focus on whether applicants are qualified in this factor. Although cooperation enjoys a considerable advantage, it cannot compare with competition in two main aspects as follows.

Among countless factors which influence my propensity, there is a most conspicuous one: survival of the strongest. In light of Darwin’s evolutionism, no matter in animal kingdom or human society, only the strongest and fittest one can survive. For example, because finding a good job is becoming more and more difficult, a job applicant must weigh up the competition form others, and show his merits to interviewers. Thus, a bright career future depends on whether you know how to compete with rivals.

The second factor relates to the essence of fair competition. As we all know, there is not a man who can win everything. Students will know and understand how to face success and failure through competitive activities. I can think of no better illustration of the idea than the proverb, “failure teaches success”. That experience no matter winning or losing, will benefit their future success eventually. 

In summary, from what has been discussed above, we may safely arrive at the conclusion that competitive spirit will prepare students for the tough things in the future. As a result, schools should be responsible to provide competitive training or class.  

范文5
nowaday,competition and cooperation are involved in every field of our life.which one is more important to children'education?some emphasis the former,some stress the latter,personnally,i think they are of the same important. 

the main reason why some think competiton is more important to children is that they know adult life to be difficult.Finding a job emtremaly are ,for example,competitive activities.as the competition is getting more and more fierce in our society,the odds of landing the plum and sought-after is considerably shortened.the potentially successful applicant,in order to weigh up the competition from other applicants,have to place themselves on the position by gaining more experience and qualification. 

the further reason why they advocate the competition is that children often can get great efforts in contests.although they cant win at everything,they can do well at something.by attempting compete with others in viariety of activities,they can learn calm down in victory and smile in failure. 

competiton,however,make children tend to be selfish and self-centered.some children gain their success by hook or crook,or even climbing up by trampling others' shoulders.this activities only lead to narrowmindedness.,which will be harmful to their further development. 

the only way for compensating it is to let children know cooperation.in football teams,for instant,all players work with joint efforts in order to win the watchs.our study also need teamwork.for one thing,we compete with others,as a result,we all get great efforts.for another,we help each other by pointing out others'mistakes and reminding words. 

Human being is social being,Human life is frequantlly as competitive as is the animal kindom.only both with competition and cooperation,can we achieve success and live in pease and harmony


范文6
The contentious issue in the domain of sociology in the past mainly concentrated 
on competition and cooperation still has been steeped in controversy nowadays. Th
e key point of it is, which factor has priority in children’s education. In my s
ubmission, they are not contradictory to each other. Not without either of them c
an children gain ground any more. Both of them are required.

On one hand, competition is ubiquitous. It exists not only between individual but
 also between groups or community and is more and more furious. Brutal though it 
seems to be, it does stimulate our growth. Not to advance is to go back. Suffice 
it to say that how outstanding students become. It is because that, even if they 
have already got high marks, they often keep studying hard lest someone should ca
tch up with them. Sense of competition prompts them to make progress unceasingly.
 

On the other hand, cooperation is the approach to get ahead, as individual power 
is limited after all. Can one person build up the Great Wall? Obviously no. Moder
n pedagogy also emphasize on fostering children’s collaboration spirits. Take co
mputer-supported cooperative work, groupware that is a type of software designed 
for groups and for communication, as an instance. Students are encouraged to acco
mplish systematically ordered instruction tasks by teamwork. During working toget
her they can perceive their own weaknesses and other’s merits as well, which are
 virtual for them to go forwards. 

To sum up, competition and cooperation are inseparable and indispensable in child
ren education. Without competition we will loosen demand to ourselves, meanwhile 
without cooperation we will achieve nothing. We should treat them in dialectical 
view. At the same time, as the competition among Chinese children are more fierce
 people are more likely negligible to cooperation. So, I slightly tilt towards co
operation.

 

Version 00118
范文1
Generally speaking, there has been a gap in the standard of living between 
cities and rural areas.And in China, the problem is seriously obvious in every
 corner of social life. Several contributing factors can be identified. In the 
following, I would like to present my point of view.
Although China’s economy is developing very fast, the keystone is the polic
y in many eastern big cities. For example, the city of Shenzhen grew quickly
 several years before, because its policy is widely open and the government 
expended great effort to help it develop. The development of Beijing and 
Shanghai is almost the same. But in rural areas, the policy is not that 
advanced. What the state cares most is the production of food, since China 
has a huge population. As a result, the progress of rural areas is much 
slower than that in cities.
In addition, the attitude of people in the countryside is greatly different from
 that of people in cities. The feudal influence in countryside is apparently 
continuing. People there are still doing everything in traditional manners, 
many of which are badly impeding their improvement. By contrast, people 
living in cities have given up many outmoded customs, and worked out some
 new cultures, which makes their living style more compatible with the 
progress of the society.
Moreover, many former farm laborers have rushed into cities in order to earn
 more money, which makes the supply of farmers sharply inadequate. As a 
result, people there have to give birth to more children, which causes a 
vicious circle in that the more they breed, the poorer they live.
However, Chinese government has already noticed this problem, and is trying
 to establish some means to solve it.The way I think most efficient is to pay
 more attention to the science and technique in agriculture, and free part of 
the farmers to other occupations. And we also need to go inside the country-
side, and bring them the most advanced ideas and cultures. Following this 
way, our society must develop faster, steadier and more balanced.
=================================================
 
赖劲松范文2
When you look back to the last century,amazingly you will find that not only
 all world's largest populated cities had experienced different population 
growth rates,but also the difference between the city and the countryside ha
d grown accordingly. Two reasons of mine can examine this tendency as 
following.

The glamorous city life allures lots of human resources to move to agglomer-
ate in the city, taking major contribution to the gap. Supporting sentences: 
In the city, there are many advantages to attract those talented people to 
settle down--more job opportunities, cultural activities, sporting events, you name them.Therefore, even those well-educated people who are originated from the country intend to lead a dynamic city life instead of returning to face the static 
country view. If the rural government can work out some favorable policies s
uch as low prices of land occupied for industrial uses, with the combination 
of low cost of workforce,investors are willing to establish factories in the 
countryside. The improvement of employment situation will enormously help 
pull back some intellectuals and lessen the gap. 
In the second part, I would mention the factor of transportation. Supporting 
sentences: The vital resistance of economic development in the countryside 
is the inconvenient transportation.It has been witnessed in China that almost
 all leading cities are scattered along the coastline. They take advantages of 
sea, air and other sophisticated transport facilities to enjoy high economic 
growth rates.I suggest that the central government should fund on infrastru-
cture for the whole nation, including rural areas, to build up a nationwide tr-
ansport network. Consequently tourism as well as housing in the countryside 
will be boosted, and the difference between the city and the country would 
be minimized. 
To sum up, intelligent resources would determine who is the winner or loser 
of the intense competition; moreover, transit systems also play an important
 role in developing economy. If both issues were tackled properly in the 
countryside, gap between the city and the country would never be overwhel
ming. 
范文3
An argument often heard these days is that whether or not the government should put money on building theaters and stadiums. Some believe that instead of spending money on this area, Medical care and education, both of which are basic developing factors of one country should be spent more money on. After weighting the pros and cons, I disagree with this opinion.
Firstly, theaters and stadiums are best choice for people relaxing. Most of workers, especially white collar who often feel nervous after one day’s hard work, need to relax both mentally and physically. Compared with staying at home, it is much better way to stay in comfortable theater and listen to a wonderful concert.
 In addition, going to theaters and stadiums affect the same effect as education and medical care. Having more chances to go to theaters can help them mold character. There is no better way to keep healthy than doing proper sports in the daily. In this way, the culture and health will be improved greatly, which plays the same role of education and medical care.
Moreover, theaters and stadiums are basis essential facilities to a developed city. Take holding an Olympic games as an example, it is no doubt it will take millions of money to build stadiums. Why the winner country is proud of that. Because this is a confirmation given by whole world. 
Of course I don’t mean that the more theaters and stadiums, the better society will be, after all, nothing can take the important place of medical care and education.
In summary, the key point is to keep both of this two part developing. Only in this way, can all people live better in future.

范文4
Nowadays, the gap between the city and the countryside becomes more and more overt, which arouses colossal concerns. To understand the solution, let’s take a closer look at the causes of the gap at first. 

The main reason of the gap is the unequal investment between city and rural area. China is a typical example. While more and more money is being invested to the coastal areas and big cities, such as Beijing and Shanghai, the lack of investment barriers greatly the society development of rural area and western regions

The low education level partly sharps the gap. There is no doubt that the prime force of productivity is education. However, because of poverty, thousands of people go to work without graduating from primary school. The poorer, the few children go to school. This bad cycle finally leads to the dream of rich becoming a dream that is hard to realize.

Moreover, the rural area is short of people with high quality. A survey proved that most of university students, whether they come from city or countryside, choose big cities instead of poor areas to work. The rural area can neither adept talent man nor attract talent man. No wonder the gap is increasing largely.

Hence, The government ought to knock itself out to decrease the gap as soon as possible. First, balance the investment between city and rural area. In addition, the education level should be improved, especially pay attention on raising high quality people. Besides, let more people realize the latent capacity of rural area in order to attract talent and investment. The set up of CCTV channel12-western region channel is a good example.

Only when the ways mentioned above are realized step by step, can the gap between the cities and the countryside be bridged.


范文5
原创:孙肇春
The gap of living in cities and the countryside is larger and larger. What are the reasons in your country and how to reduce the differences?

As the step of economic development accelerates, the gap between the city and the countryside becomes more and more overt, which arouses colossal concerns. Take a further look at the phenomenon, there are three major causes.
 
Firstly, the insufficiency of investment in the rural areas accounts mainly for the issue. China, for example, covers a very large area. Due to the emphasis on the development in the coastal areas, the government devotes more investment in the large cities, such as Shanghai, Beijing and Guangzhou. The investment, undoubtedly, is repaid by the threefold increase of economy and commerce in these cities. However, this is not the case in the rural areas and the western regions. The lack of investment barriers the productivity and economic development and sharpens the gap between the city and the countryside.

Secondly, the low education level in the rural areas contributes partly to the gap of living. Education is the prime force of productivity. Keeping this in mind, many countries and governments give priority to the development of education. China’s education witnessed a rapid growth in the past decade. However, the education level in the countryside still keeps very low. The enrollment of primary schools and secondary schools is much lower compared with the advanced regions, not to mention the developed countries in the world. Without good education, the development of economy and technology would be a dream difficult to be realized.

Finally, the influx of migrant workers to the cities from the countryside deteriorates the undeveloped condition in the rural areas. The life style in the urban areas is very attractive to the people in the countryside. To seek more working opportunities, many people abandon the fertile lands and leave them uncultivated. If the situation continues, it will lead to serious unbalance of economic and regional development. 

To sum up, only when the government renders more concerns over the issue, can the gap between the cities and the countryside be bridged. (325 words)


范文6
nowaday,the gap between cities and countryside is getting more and more larger.the factors for it is complex.i would like to disccuss the main reason for the phenomenon.

some place the blames on the few employment opportunity in countryside.today,men and women crowd into the big cities in order to  in seach of  employment ,a better life .especially young school leavers,including some graduates born from the countryside,are reluctant to seek a job in countryside.as a result.city gains more modersization while few attention can be given to the countryside.

other contribute it to the goverment's ignoring attitutes to it.every year,goverment contribute more of limited money to build more musuemes and galleries in big cities.they can attract the investment from abroad,anf furturemore,it can improve the development of cities.while there are a lot of people in countryside who are stilll struggling below the line of poverty.this disequlibrium lead to the gap.

therefore,the contribution and education of contryside should be fully  given the priority by govenment.government should make good use of every cent to bridge the gap!

with the increasing numbers of guaduates,the employment opportunity of big city is getting few and few.while there are a lot of  the potentially succesfull opportunity and career development in countryside.all neglacted tasts should be undertaken,why not go there to play your ability to full?


范文7
All countries with a vast territory face the problem of uneven development betwee
n cities and countries. The economic development of China, (which has a territory
 of 9.6 million square km,) is likened to an eagle spreading only one wing for fl
ight. This implies that while the urban area has made great stride during the 20-
odd years of reform and opening, the rural region has lagged behind. What with th
e external and the internal factors, the gap between them becomes more and more o
vert. In my submission, what we should do is to suit the remedy to the case.

In the first place, the insufficiency of investment in countries accounts mainly 
for the issue. It has been witnessed in China that most leading cities are scatte
red along the coastline. It is because that the government devotes more investmen
t in such areas as ShangHai and Shenzhen, with implementing widely open policies.
 However, this is not the case in rural areas. The lack of investment heavily ham
pers the productivity and economic development. So, recently the government has b
een introducing some effective measures, such as, development of western regions,
 to offer investors more trade and investment opportunities, with the aim of expe
diting the progress of poverty-ridden interior. 

In the second place, the low education level in countries attributes to the gap. 
The form chairman of China, Dengxiaopeng strengthened the notion repeatedly, “Sc
ience and technology is the primary productive force.” which illustrates the mag
nitude of education. Although instruction system in China experienced a rapid adv
ancement in the two decades, the level in countries has not gained overt ground s
o far. And in true chicken-or-the-egg fashion, the lag of countries deters the pr
ogress in education. So I suggest the government should fund on ameliorating the 
education system not only in “hardware” but also in “software”. 

In brief, only when the government renders more concerns over the issue, will we 
enable the eagle to spread both wings. Though it is not an easy nut to crack, I b
elieve this situation will be mend gradually. 

 

Version 00119
Universities should accept equal numbers of male and female study in every subject. Do you agree or disagree. 
这个题题目可能有问题,谁都知道每个拥有平等数量的男女生是不可能的,难道在数量上差一个我们就停课了吗??简直是笑话。所以我觉得可能题目想表达的是机会平等的观点。大家如果遇到这个题,要看看题目,而且要多举举例。
不同意   男生和女生思维特点不同,个人的喜好也不同,实践表明,更多的男生喜欢理科,而更多的女生倾向于文科; 生理构造的差异造成的选科上的差异 。比如在高强度训练的军事专业,强壮的男生就更适合。
同意 天赋人权,人人生而平等与自由。 男女平等,无论男生还是女生都应该享有平等的选择专业的机会。比如居里夫人就在以前人们认为男人才能胜任的放射性元素研究上取得了杰出的成就
=================================================
范文1
Nowhere in the world has the issue of female rights and interests been so 
much debated as in our society. Nowadays, plenty of universities limit the 
number of female students who study in some of subjects; therefore, many 
people think universities should accept equal numbers of men and female 
study in every subject, but others have a negative attitude. As far as I am 
concerned, I think men and women should gain equal educational opportuni-
ties, but accepting equal numbers of male and female, in every subject, is 
unnecessary and impossible. Therefore, I disagree with the view that univers-
ities should accept equal numbers of male and female students in every sub-
ject. My argument in support of my view is as follows.
The main reason is that mode of thinking is different between female and 
male. Everyone, male and female, has equal right to study in universities, 
nevertheless, due to difference of in thought and views. Men and Women 
may represent varied study capability. A case in point is that men may po-
ssess more talent than women in mathematics, physics and like stuff. In the
 study of language, on the other hand, female shows stronger ability than 
male. In the history of human beings, most scientists, especially those who 
research abstract theories, are male.
Another reason is that nature decides different directions of development bet
-ween men and women. Today, although female’s right is being increased, 
female still plays a different social role. Women are by nature good at house
keeping since the biological function of a woman is first to bring children into
 the world and then to bring them up and it has been proved by some scie-
ntists that women are not good at business management, political administer
-ation, etc. So, in the study of business and management, requiring equal 
numbers of male and female is not essential.
From what has been discussed above, we may draw the conclusion that acc-
epting equal numbers of male and female students in every subject is impos-
sible and I also disagree with this point of view. 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

范文2 
It is obvious that there are far more men than women in college studying 
science and technical subjects while when it comes to the arts, the opposite 
is true. But some people claim it will cause serious problems. However, I bel
-ieve the phenomenon is very normal.
In the first place, subject selection is decided by students themselves,without
 influences from universities and colleges. Studies show that of men and wo-
men think differently. Male students like to major in technical subjects, while
 female students are more likely to choose the arts. This may be because it 
is thought that people who major in more technical fields have a better cha-
nce to get a higher salary after graduation, since men usually take the burd-
ens of feeding the family. To women, however, what they study is nothing 
serious for their future lives.
In the second place, some work is more suitable for an appointed gender.For
 instance, nurse schools are open to women only, and infants’ schools like 
female teachers better. This is all because they are more careful and patient,
 and less aggressive in nature. By contrast, men fit the job like steel worker
 and police officer because of their braveness, haleness, and decisiveness.
From my comments above,you can tell that it is unreasonable for universities
 and colleges to accept the same number of men and women to study in ev-
ery subject, due to differences in their natures. It is free for everyone to ch-
oose their own way, and no one can force others to get into a certain field.

范文3      
 
University, a place disseminating knowledge and illuminating people’s mind, renders people opportunities to further their study and cultivate their capabilities. Some people propose that university should enroll equal number of male and female students in every subject. From my point of view, this is not only impractical, but also unfeasible. 
On the one hand, different students have their own research interest and study focus, which decide on their career and success. If university enroll equal number of male and female students regardless their interest, the students will lose their motivation and aspiration of study. If a talented writer is forced to study mathematics, for instance, he will not become a good mathematician, nor an excellent writer. In this sense, university should consider students’ study interest instead of pursuing equal number of males and females in one subject.
On the other hand, different subjects have their own characteristics. For example, histories make men wise; poets, witty; mathematics, subtle; natural philosophy, deep; moral, grave; logic and rhetoric, able to contend. It is common that most students in science and engineering are males, while the majority of students in nursing and education are females. Some jobs, such as navigating a boat, plying a plane and working in extreme circumstances, are more suitable for males, for males have higher ability to endure hardship. Likewise, some positions become females only, such as, nurses, baby-sitters, secretaries, assistants, textile workers and so on. If university enrollment ignores the differences in sex, a person cannot perform properly in their position. 
In conclusion, it is not a good idea for university to enroll equal number of male and female students, because the characteristics of subjects differ from each other and students have their right to choose the subject they are interested 

范文4
Nowadays, more and more people, particularly feminism supporters, help to improve women’s place in society. They indeed play a vital role in helping improve women’s status. However, Some of them are too dogmatic to the equal right of two genders. They argue that universities should accept equal numbers of male and female study in every subject. Although being a girl, I feel this opinion is unreasonable.

It is natural that different genders have different talents. Everyone, male and female, has equal right to study in universities, nevertheless, due to difference of in thought and views. The male has more powerful ability in logical analysis while the female naturally good at designing and making handicrafts. Hence, universities should establish an educational atmosphere for different genders in which students are more likely to be stimulated to study what they’re good at.

Pursuing absolute equal numbers of male and female study in every subject is unscientific. For example, few girls like to study subjects like mechanics and mathematics, which are favored by a lot of boys. It is also hard to find male students in nursing school. If we make a rule that seems to be “equal”, it would lead to the results that student can’t fulfill their wishes .In the long run, the development of those subjects will be confined.

All in all, I believe it is unreasonable that universities should accept equal numbers of male and female study in every subject. Giving each gender equal chance to choose majors is a much better way.

范文5
Apparently, it would seem that universities should accept equal numbers of male and female student to study in every subject. In fact, however, men and women should share equal opportunities, not the equal enrolment figures in every subject.

Among countless factors which influence my inclination on this issue, there is a most conspicuous one: different academic aptitude results in unequal percentage between men and women in some subjects. In light of medical research, as for women, their left hemisphere of brains are more developed than their right hemisphere of brains, leading to their strong suits are arts, such as linguistics, language. By contrast, men are good at science and technology due to their different brain structure from women’s. Thus, it will be a ridiculous decision to admit equal numbers of male and female students in same major regardless of their different academic aptitude.

The second reason relates to the careers that men and women will engage after graduation. As we know, no matter male or female students have rights to choose the majors what they are interested in, whereas, it may be found that some jobs concerned with their majors are not suitable for them. For example, it is undoubted that the kindergartner is not an appropriate profession for men. Besides, many companies still do not change their prejudice to female students in some fields. Sometimes, they may reject a qualified female applicant because of their discrimination attitude. Obviously, whether they can successfully find jobs is another factor that students have to consider before study. 

In summary, judging from all the evidence offered, we may safely arrive at the conclusion that universities do not need to accept equal numbers of male and female students. More importantly, the equal work opportunities without sexual discrimination should be provided. 


范文6
Universities should accept equal numbers of male and female study in every subject. Do you agree or disagree?

In such society as advocating everyone-is-equal theory, some equalitarian espouse that the quantities of male students and female students should be tantamount in the same subject during their academic study. This issue seems to be steeped in controversy, while if asked to how to reckon it, I would take a dim view of it, as it is much too overdoing and impossible to carry out. 

In the first place, as prominent psychologist Fred put it: “the interests are the best instructor”, individual interests have top priority when student pick up their majors. Moreover, interests vary even of the same gender, let alone different one. Namely, it is unimaginable that there are equivalent boys and girls in the same classroom.

In the second place, some courses such as engineering are more suitable for male students, while the opposite is true when it comes to liberal arts. From physical aspects as well as psychological term, the main reason is that mode of thinking is different between different sex. Men are apt at logical thinking, while women are inclined to thinking in image. Therefore, it is not necessary to invariably emphasize absolute equality at that kind of situation, otherwise it is detrimental to the entire society. What a disaster it should be if you experienced such condition, as you perceived half of male nurses in hospital or female steel workers tying the male ones. 

Judging from all analyses offered, we might reasonably come to conclusion that, it is unpractical and uncalled-for to restrict male and female students to parallel subjects.

 

V120   
What are the purposes of places such as museums and how should they be funded?
孙肇春 范文1:
Nowhere in the world has the issue of museum’s progress been so much debated as in our society. Nowadays, more and more museums have to face the serious economic problem. Therefore, many people doubt museum’s existent signification. In this essay we will discuss the existent signification of museum and the solutions, such as buying by government and supporting by society 

Firstly, museum is considered the historical symbol that it exhibits traditional culture of a nation. Nations of difference have different culture and history. The museum is the best way to let the younger generation savvy their ancestor’s history and let visitors and foreigners know varied culture and tradition. 
Secondly, museum could save plenty of cultural relics that they are not destroyed and lost. The equipments of museum could perfectly save all kinds of displays. 

As a result of the future of museum, the outlook is somewhat grim. People already realize this problem exists and are trying to solve it. 
For one solution, the government ought to buy all museums. If museum belong to government, it will means main economic problem of museum is solved.

The second solution is that society ought to donate lots of money to maintain development of museum. The museum protects our history and culture, so we have obligation to support progress of museum. 
The important thing is to protect current museums before it’s too late. Otherwise we will lose them.

范文2
Museums illuminate the culture, history and arts of the world. Every country 
and government spare no effort or money to enrich the collection of museum
s to cater for different tastes or needs of people, for the benefit of the present and future generations.There are bounteous museums all over the world.

The British Museum, which is maybe the largest one in the world, provides 
visitors with all-round knowledge about the world culture and arts. The visitors to the museum are all overwhelmed by the magnificence of the culture 
and history of mankind. If one wants to know about the development of 
human science and industry, he can have a tour to The Museum of Science 
and Industry located in Chicago, the United States,where a detailed scientific
 progress is presented vividly. You cannot miss every achievement human 
beings have made in history and you are sure to be shocked by the civilization our forefathers created. If one wants to have a browse of the important 
events in the past, American Museum of Photography is the best choice. It a
bounds in precious historical pictures and gives visitors unforgettable memory.
 Apart from the state-owned museums, there are also innumerable private 
museums whose purpose is to exhibit their cherished collection and popularize knowledge.

With a view to giving people updated information and rendering them a more detailed overview, many countries invest a great deal of money in the foundation of museums, because museums disseminate human knowledge and 
culture, which are more significant for the development of the young generation. Besides, entrepreneurs and individuals should also lay a fund for the 
improvement and rebuild of museums.The prosperity of human culture is not
 only the responsibility of the government, but also the responsibility of ever
y individual and organization. (295 words)====================== 

范文3
It is almost impossible to talk of human civilization without mentioning the significant roles played by some places, such as museums, art gallery and so on. From London to Paris, from Beijing to New York, museums attract millions of visitors from all over the world annually.

Museum is where people go to get their education and entertainment. Nowadays, more and more parents are energetic for taking their children to visit history museums or art museums in weekend, because they find the collections and antiques displayed in museums can stimulate their children’s curiosity and enlarge their scope. Besides, recent years, some entertainment facilities were equipped in many China’s museums. For example, in Beijing Aviation Museum, visitors have chance to steer glider under the guide of pilots. Obvious, museums have become vital parts of our lives.

The second main purpose of museums is related to the protection of culture. As we know, a lot of cultural relics, literature and antiques are exhibited in various museums ranging from history museum to technical museum, from militaries museum to sea museum. Here, visitors will not miss any achievement our ancestors have made and they will be shocked by human civilization. We cannot find better places than museums to protect those symbols of human history and culture. 

However, partly because of limited fund from governments, partly because of inefficient management, more and more museums have to face severe financial problems. It is commonly believed that our governments should burden more responsibilities and invest a great deal of money on museums. Besides, the managers of museums also should solve those troubles by themselves, such as improving management efficiency, increasing the price of tickets and selling souvenirs. 

In summary, as the symbol of human civilization, museums take up very significant positions in our lives. There are still many troubles need to be solved, however, I do believe that, as time passes, people will come to realize the value of museums eventually.

范文(严禁模仿)
------------------discussion-------295words in total--------------- 
Introduction (44 words) 
It is well known that a museum is a building to display a collection of artistic, 
historical,cultural or military objects. Undoubtedly museums can have a variety 
of purposes in the city; I think two roles the museums play can illustrate they are 
worth visiting.

Body1 (89 words)
Visiting museums is informative. (topic sentence) Once I visited a military museum 
in Beijing,China, soon I learned that an ancient warrior might have outfought his 
enemies in combat if he had had great strength while a modern soldier should be armed with sophisticated weapons.Therefore present soldiers should spend far much time on studying modern technology instead of building up muscles. Likewise, If you visit other museums, you will have a better perception on a certain field, because you can witness some genuine objects which cannot be seen on books.  

Body2 ( 65words)
In addition, a museum can function to cultivate one's sense of patriotism.(topic sentence) In china, schools often organize trips to some historical museums. When the students learn that many years ago, a number of countries invaded China robbing treasure and killing Chinese civilians, promptly they will establish a strong sense to defend the nation, revealing that only a strong motherland can give them pride and safety. 

Body3 ( 74words) 
Now we talk about how to fund a museum. A museum can never be considered as a financial burden to society. I suggest that the Government should invest a small amount of money on advertisements for the museums in the city. For example, ads of the museums should be forwarded on the travel brochures or maps of the city. Consequently tourists come and admission tickets are collected. Both reputation and funds are earned. 

Conclusion (23 words) 
In brief, museums should play a role as an instructive means of the city and incomes from admission can keep them running properly.

 

Version 00121(2003年A类新题)
some people think visitors to others countries should imitated local custom 
and behaviors. some people disagree, they think the host country should 
welcome culture different. discuss the two views, and give your own opinion.
 
一些人认为游客需要模仿和适应当地的风俗习惯,而另一些人不赞同,他们认为这些国家应
该欢迎外来的文化。请讨论这2方面,并给出你的观点
点评:这个essay的写法要注意它的要求。讨论2方面的观点,并给出自己的想法。
个人认为可以采用4段式的写法:
1。开头陈述
2。对第一个观点给出其成立的理由
3。对第二个观点给出其成立的理由
4。采用折中的方法阐述自己认为2个观点都有其合理性,应该辨证的看待,都不能 
忽略 
下面给出支持这2方面观点的理由:
第一个观点
1。对当地的风俗的了解可以帮助外来者快速的适应新的环境
2。每个地方都有自己独特的人文,通过风俗习惯可以接触更多的思想文化
3。过多的外来思想会侵蚀当地的文化传统,外来者对当地习惯的模仿可以减
少这方面的冲击。
第二个观点
1。外来思想带来新的理念,为当地的人文注如活力
2。外来的思想可以引发变革,对当地的经济和日常生活起着推动作用
3。外来思想和传统文化的交流可以帮助人们对其他地区和国家的了解。
================================================
范文:1
(dadafangfang原创) 
some people think visitors to others countries should imitated local custom 
and behaviors. some people disagree, they think the host country should 
welcome culture different.
nowadays, giant jumble jets carry millions of people each day to and from 
almost all corners of the globe, giving most people the chance of visiting 
distant countries. however, many of us are sometimes troubled by unfamiliar
 customs and traditions and are puzzled by the way foreigners behave. in 
my essay, both sides of the argument would be presented and analyzed as 
to whether we should follow the customs of the visited country, or should all
 nations be more willing to embrace exotic culture. 
some people maintain that it is better for one to adopt host countries'culture
 for the following reasons. first of all, as the old saying goes, when in rome 
do as the romans do,by observing and following their particular way of doing
 thing, travelers can greatly reduce the chances of misunderstanding and 
embarrassment. for instance, it is advisable not to ask a western lady perso-
nal questions such as her age or her marital status on the first meeting, wh-
ich is common practice in china. secondly, a nation’s customs and traditions
 are often fascinating and offer a unique insight into that very country. Obvio
-usly, people travel in order to broaden their horizon or merely to relax and 
enjoy themselves. but these aims could not be satisfactorily fulfilled if they 
have no idea about a country’s culture. moreover, your interest in and und-
erstanding of their ways of life could help to establish a rapport with the loc-
al people, because people feel respected when their customs and behaviors 
are understood and imitated. and by doing things in their way, you become 
unconsciously a member of them and thus will no long experience culture 
shocks. 
however, others also have strong reasons to believe that a country should 
tolerate and embrace foreign culture. in the first place, no country should 
cling to its old customs and traditions at all cost and expect others to follow-
 suit. culture should also be subject to changes brought about by advances 
in science and technology and the process of globalization. like everything 
else, numerous traditional practices have been abandoned and people are for
ming/creating new customs all the time. besides, instead of challenging and 
damaging the local traditions, the customs brought by international visitors 
actually help to enhance our awareness of our own culture, by pointing out 
that what we took for granted is really not universally praised but rather 
unique characteristics of our own. in china, for instance, the spring festival is
 being celebrated with ever more enthusiasm despite the popularity of Chris-
tmas. moreover, it is unjustifiable and unrealistic to expect visitors to alter 
their ways of doing things,to while they have a right, and pick up some new
 behaviors and customs on short notice. many chinese americans,for example,
 still live exclusively in china towns and celebrate all the traditional chinese 
holidays. like a religious belief, one should be allowed to follow their own 
customs whenever and wherever they like. 
as far as i am concerned, i agree with the latter view that people can keep 
their own customs and nations should welcome culture differences and integ-
rate the positive aspects from other culture to update their own. apparently, 
if all are open-minded about different traditions and behaviors, the idea of a 
global village could come true in corner of the earth, with people living in 
harmony and each enjoy his own cultural heritage. 
文章绝对原创,但是篇幅太长,考试只需250即可,此文仅供大家学习语言表达法。希望大
家批评指正。
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另
[原创dadafangfang]v121a正反理由20条(英文)
注意:使用的语言有一定难度, 对于那些只要靠六分的同学来说, 完全可以用更简单的语
言加以表达。仅供参考。 
for: 
1. if we observe the local customs and rules we could reduce the chances of
 offending the locals and misunderstanding consciously or unconsciously. 
2. many embarrassments and conflicts are results of differences in custom 
and traditions between the tourists and the locals, the solution to which woul
d be for the visitors to appreciate and imitate local culture and behaviours.
3. for instance, many a time, american ladies are embarrassed by repeated 
questions about marriage, age, weight, and salary raised by chinese visitors 
who are only trying to be friendly by showing concerns over personal matter
s, which, by the way, is the right thing to do in china. 
4. understanding and following their way of life shows our respect for the 
local people and thus makes it easier to establish good relationship with the
m. 
5. odd as some of the customs seem, they enable us to better appreciate 
that country’s culture and traditions, the very thing that sets up apart.
6. experiencing and appreciating others culture and custom are the purpose 
for travelers, but one could never fully understand a nation’s tradition until 
he has gained first-hand experience through following and practicing it’s 
unique custom. 
7. when in rome do as the romans do. 
8. it gives you insight into another culture, brings you better understanding 
of the countries that you visit.
9. by doing things according to their custom, we can better understand them
 and become more tolerant toward differences, the very quality that enable 
us to live in harmony. 
10. through accepting and practicing other custom, we broaden our minds 
and become more open-minded toward everything else.
11. though natural to the local people, their custom and tradition always 
seems fascinating to visitors from other parts of the world, the imitating of 
which makes the travelers life more colorful. 
against:
1. like religious belief, people are entitled to their traditions and custom, and
 should not be forced to forsake/abandon them when they travel to a 
different place. 
2. it is unrealistic to expect visitors coming afar to readily pick up the local 
custom for their own culture are deep-rooted and dearest to them. 
3. take many chinese americans for example. although they have spent 
dozens of years in the states, it is still hard for them to celebrate the Christ-
mas instead of the traditional chinese spring festivals. 
4. like anything else, culture can’t remain static, especially in light of the 
profound technology revolution taking place worldwide; it should have the 
resilience to embrace culture differences so as to appeal to larger numbers 
of people, especially the younger generation, who stands at the forefront of 
changes and take up new things readily. 
5. as a kind of unofficial ambassadors, travelers bring different culture to the
 destination country, which not only enriches their lives but promote mutual-
understanding as well. 
6. nowadays, we are experiencing a kind of cultural integration, whose 
advantages far outweigh its disadvantages.
7. had it not for the tolerance of chinese people toward foreign culture, 
people in china would have stick to the rigid system of wearing long robes 
on all occasions for women and men alike, which is cumbersome and wastef-
ul of cloth.
8. culture understanding and exchange can promote world’s economy becau
-se there have been numerous cases in which the failure to take into conside
-ration of another culture had lead to great economic losses. 
9. paradoxically, for any nation to preserve its unique culture heritages, she 
has to first embrace cultural difference in order to increase the awareness of
 its own culture for its citizens.

范文2     
travelling to a different culture can be an overwhelming,indeed,even an intimidating experience.it is very easy for misunderstandings to occur,and tourists are often deterred from places of cultural interest through fear of offending the indigenous people.therefore,some would argue,it is up to the locals to accomodate visitors by speaking their language,serving their cuisine,and generally making them 'at home'.without doing this,local perple can be considered as unfriendly and viewed with suspicion by travellers.consequently they are dissuaded from staying,which is ultimately detrimental to the local community,as the tourists take their spending-money with them.

the counterview argues that acting naturally does not necessarily equate with being unfriendly.if a local person wishes to live their life as his or her ancestors have done for centuries then visitors should show respect and allow them to do so.in fact,many would argue that immersing one's self in a different culture is vital in order to truly appreciate it.nothing is gained by travelling,potentially,thousands of miles to experience the same language,food and culture that could have been found a few miles down the road from one's house.ultimately,it is a waste of money,nothing is learned from the experience,and the memories saved will be less vivid.

this is the point of view i take.although it is vital for many countries' economies to welcome tourists,it does not have to imitate them so as to encourage their stay.if travellers have the right mind-set and show respect,all they need to do is to let the locals carry out their day-to-day lives to gain many insights into the culture.in this way,visitor and host can mutually benefit each other,through an increased income,and an enriching experience,respectively.
范文3
nowaday,the culture shock exists between the tourists and host country.therefore,some people consider should try to model themselves on the local culture and convention.personally,i totally agree with the above point. 

firstlly,by abserving and understanding of local culture,the tourists can reduce the chance of offending the locals and misunderstanding consiously and unconsiously.in manchu area of china,people think the dog is their anticedent.if you come there,you must always show respects and love to dog,otherwise it will lead to the embarrassment and conflict. 

secondly,understanding and following the activites of local people can show our respects to them.by doing things with their way,we will be easy to establish the good relationship with them.the local residents often feel friendly when their culture are imitated and understood.they are unconsiously bring us into the members of them. 

in addition,imitating can let us gain insigts into other countries.we not only can know whats people's life is like in other counties,we also can be enlarged our knowledge and broaded our horizon,which will be cherish wealth in our life. 

to sum up.tourists should adjust themselves adapt to the local habits and customs,which will make them fully enjoy their travel and live in harmony! 

范文4
Recent years, because traffic is convenient day-by-day, people have a more chance to travel around the world. The plane can make us reach any corner of the earth in a short time. Some people think visitors to others countries should imitated local custom and behaviors. Some people disagree; they think the host country should welcome culture different.

As the a famous saying goes: Do as they do at Rome. The knowledge of local custom can help outside person adapt to the new environment rapidly. Moreover, each place has the own unique culture, may keep in touch more ideology and culture through the local folkways and customs. For instance, a Chinese people came to Britain, he can imitate British life style. In this way, He can understand British habit more thoroughly, thus, make himself live a more comfortable life in Britain. 

On the other hand, the outside thought has a lot of positive influence on local culture too. For example, the outside thought could bring the new theory and inject vigor into local culture. The exchanges of outside thought and traditional culture can help people to find out about the culture of other areas and countries.  

Making a general survey of human history, it is a positive trend that the nationality has been merging all the time. So, we should not only propagate local culture for the outside people but also study outside culture and custom. In this way, the earth would become a family, all the people would get along harmoniously.


范文5
121
As the world grows smaller, as ever-increasing numbers of people travel, work 
or study abroad, more attention is being focused on how to treat culture 
difference. It has risen as to the issue of whether foreigner should follow the 
custom of visited country, or host nation should greet the exotic culture. 
Before giving my opinion, I think it is essential to look at the argument on 
both sides.
Some people claim that visitors should learn and suit local culture and 
behavior, which is benefit for both visited nation and exotic people. As far as 
visited country is concerned, it is an effective measure to protect local 
custom and culture heritage that is formed through thousands of years. To 
foreigners, by learning local custom and culture they understand the behavior 
and way of local citizen, and adapt to the society quickly. In addition, it is 
a good chance of broadening their horizon and expanding their experience.
However, other people also have strong reasons to argue that any nation should 
embrace the different culture. At first, Foreigners usually take many novel 
ideas and things that will enrich the entertainment and recreation. In the 
second place, visitors might push the economic development of host country. For 
example, in Chinese history, Zhenhe took many new technique such as weaving 
cloth, agriculture and making wine to south-east Asia, which exerted great 
influence on local people's lives. Last of all, in the era of information, for 
a company or a nation it is good way to gain undefeated position only by 
learning external world and making others to learn yourself.
Taking into account of all these factors, I am in favor of the latter view that 
nation should embrace the difference culture and absorb it's merit. In the near 
future, all the people on the earth will break through the border of nation and 
live in one happy family.


V121
Nowhere in the world has the issue of culture shock been so much debated like in our society. Nowadays culture shock stands out particularly between tourists and host countries, therefore dozens of people considered visitors should try to adapt local traditional culture and habit of living. The above point is certainly true, this essay will outline three reasons.

The main reason is that respecting the custom and behavior of the host country can help tourists understand its culture. For instance, in Islamic countries, their belief is that the people can’t eat pork; they think that pig is not a symbol of spotlessness and pig will sully their holy belief. Therefore, when the visitors come to the Islamic countries, they should accept the custom, and then they will be greeted by indigene. There is no better example than this to demonstrate the strength of this point. 

Another reason is that it is the best way to express tourists’ respect. Everyone state owns her behaviors and custom; history saw the development of this country. For example, when tourists go to visit host country, perhaps some of things are so out of fashion. However visitors also admire local culture and custom, it will be good for their communication with indigene.

Last but not the least reason is based on the reason of safety. Considering personal safety, visitors should pay attention to their manners and actions. Sometimes, rude actions will be brought dangers for tourists.

In conclusion, the tourists should respect and understand local traditional culture and custom of host country. Otherwise it will be chill journey for visitors.

121
Nowadays, tourism is developing flourishingly and more and more people 
travel abroad. When people visit others countries, facing the local customs 
and behaviors, should imitate it or not, there is a hot debate.

Some people hold that we should imitate the local customs and behaviors of 
the foreign country. First of all, respect is one of the most important 
factors while we visit others countries. Understanding and following their 
way of life shows our respect for the local people and thus makes it easier 
to establish good relationship with them. Secondly, many embarrassments and 
conflicts are results of differences in custom and traditions between the 
tourists and the locals, the solution to which would be for the visitors to 
appreciated and imitate local culture and behaviors. If we don’t 
experience their customs and behaviors by ourselves, it is hard to 
understand the local people and culture. By doing things according to their 
custom, we can better understand them and become more tolerant toward 
differences, the very quality that enable us to live in harmony. Thirdly, 
the foreign custom and traditional always seems fascinating to visitors 
from other parts of the world, the imitating of which makes the travelers 
life more colorful.

On the other side, however, those who oppose the above viewpoint believe 
that the host country should welcome culture different. In the first place, 
as a kind of unofficial ambassadors, travelers bring different culture to 
the destination country, which not only enriches their lives but promote 
mutual-understanding as well. Besides, imitating is not the best or the 
only way to understand the local customs and behaviors well. The 
understanding of the foreign culture also can be through careful observing 
and intently perceiving. What’s more, for any nation to preserve its 
unique culture heritages, she has to first embrace cultural difference in 
order to increase the awareness of its own culture for its citizens. In 
addition, it is unrealistic to expect visitors coming after to readily pick 
up the local custom for their own culture and deep-tooted and dearest to 
them. And we are experiencing a kind of cultural integration, whose 
advantages far outweigh its disadvantages.

People of both sides have their own sound reason to support their opinions. 
Taking all the above into consideration, to be honest, it is difficult for 
me to make a decision and I have to hold a balance point of view. It is 
need not to imitate the foreign customs and behaviors completely, and at 
the same time, understanding the local culture through this kind of way is 
not a bad way.

 

 

 

 

 

下面是小作文专题:

105 t1 A
The chart shows the status of government finance in four countries, England America, Kenya, D, and it classifies the expenditure in four part, including Education, Defense, Health, and other.
The common ground of four countries is expenditure in other accounts for the primary part, which all are close to seventy per cent. The cost in health is also similar in four countries. From the chart we could know that the invest in health in these countries holds ten per cent in all government expenditure equally, except in England, the health expenditure of which is about fifteen per cent.
The differences are in the part of the cost in Education and Defense. In England and America, the governments pay more attention to the defense. Respectively, there are ten per cent in the full cost in England and fifteen in America. On the other hand, In Kenya and D, more expending is used in Education, the cost of which is about fifteen per cent. The cost in Defense in both countries is a little.
verson 105 task 1,
请大家来评能得几分
The above four pie charts show the expenditure condition in four countries, Korea, America, Britain, and Kenya during 1990-1995. It infects the great difference that exists between wealthier and poorer nations.
As we can see from the pie charts, American and British people tend to spend more money on defense and health. The proportion of health in America and Britain, which occupied/took up/comprised 15% and 17% respectively, was higher than the other two countries. The proportion of defend was over 20%, particularly in America up to 21%. The corresponding figures for Kenya and Korea were 4% and 5% each.
The noticeable character of expenditure in Korea and Kenya was higher expense proportion on education. There are 16% and 12% of the total expenditure used by them on education. These figures were overwhelmingly higher than the corresponding figure of 6% in America and 5% in Britain.
These four countries have similar condition in the expenditure aspect of education, defend and health, which was about 70% of the overall outgoings.

A 106 task 1
The following charts describe the situation of patent application. Chart 1 is about trends of patent application form 1985 to 1999. Chart 2 shows the proportion relevant to residents and non-residents in USA, Japan, Brazil and Zabya.  
In Chart 1, the column figures illustrates the number of native people in USA is about 90000, while the non-native figure is 85000. Though the total number is much than the situation of Japan, there are 140000 native people applied for patent in this country. However, only 30000 applications are about non-residents. At the same time, Brazil only contains native application and Zabya only have non-native application. 
Regarding Chart 2, the line graph shows an increasing trend of patent application. From 1981 to 1995, the figure climbed steady with some slight fluctuation. However, after 1995, this increasing trend began to ascend dramatically from 3 million applications to almost 7 applications.
From the charts, in developed countries such as Japan and USA, the number of patent application cases is numerous, while developing countries have low figures. The patent applications improve rapidly recently.

108 task 1
The following curved chart show the situation concerning the costs of videos sales and rentals trade in EU and US from 1992 to 2000. The abscissa of the chart represents the value of each element, and the ordinate figures the time during 8 years. 
In rental trade, there are dramatically different between the situation of US and EU. in 1992, there are almost
$6000 profits in US. However, the trade in EU only generalized $2500 at the same time. Then the trend kept climbing in following year though there were still some little drops in US, while EU got the decrease from $ 2500 to $1500.
Regarding the situation of sales trade, there were very close figures in 1992 respectively $2000 in US and $1800 in EU. Then the data in US had ascended without any fall in the period. Simultaneously, after a series fluctuations, the data in EU dropped to $1000 in 2000.
From the chart, the value about videos sales and rental in US is much than EU. Rentals are popular in US during this stage, while sales were developing very fast. Both rental and sales in EU kept drop from 1992 to 2000.


 109  TASK 1Life-span is known as a matter of great concern for the general public in our society from ancient time to now. According to the above table we can obtain some information about the life-span from 1911 to 2001 in the UK. 
In 1911, only 73 men and 100 women were 100 or more 100 years old. However, in 1941, the number of people who can reach to 100 years old increased to 449 that includes 132 males and 317 females. Then, the number reached to 2332 in 1971 which contains 287 males and 2035 females. In 2001, the number of males is about 536 while approximately 4085 are females  Another important phenomenon is that in 2001 the number of females increased 40 times than the males’ number in 1911 while males only went up about 7 times .
Judging by the figures, we are fully justified in declaring that with the development of the science and technology, the people’s life-span is increasing slowly and most of them are women.


110 task 1
The first bar chart show that the goals of the learners could change with their age, under 26 about 90% people start for their careers. While only about 10% are just for their interests. However when people are over 49, over 70% people are for their own interest, comparing with less than 40% for careers. This is an interesting situation. Companying with the increase of age, from under 26 to above 49, the percentage of the people studying for careers is decreasing gradually, from 90% to 40%. By contrast more and more people study for interest from about 10% up to about 75%, and they are equal approximately during 40 and 49.  
According to the second chart, there is a waving change between age and employee support. Indeed, the highest spot of employee support is under 26,up to 60%. Then the percentage is diminishing step by step. And during 30and39,it reaches the lowest spot ,about 30%.next,it increases slowly again.  Until above 49,it has gotten about50%.
Those two charts demonstrate the interesting relationship between people’s age goal and employee support.


111 task 1the following chart describes the situation regarding underground transportation in London, Paris, Tokyo, Washington DC, Kyoko and Los Angel. 
The major cites founded their subway system in the 20th century, which was in Tokyo, Washington DC, Kyoko. London firstly completed its underground work and began to operate in 1836. the lastest time that Los Angel had had its subway was after 136 years.
London has the longest underground railway distance, which is almost 2 times than Paris. Tokyo and Washington DC have similar datum which are 149 kilometer and 114 kilometer respectively. Kyoko only contains 11 kilometer of route length. 
Though the longest route is in London, the most carrying capacity is Tokyo's subway  system. It  carried about 1434 million passengers per year, while 548 million people in London at the same time. The figures in Washington DC are not achieved 100, only 70 per year. Kyoto only carries 11 million people which is the lowest carrying capacity in all six cities.
verson 111 task 1
there is a table which illustrates the relative data about underground system in six countries, london, paris, tokyo, washington d.c, kyoto and los angeles. 

in 1983 the first railway was built in london, which is the longest railway (1100km) in the six cities.  the carrying capacity reach 548 million people per year. as a countries having railway earlier, paris established the first underground in 1890 and 850 million people per year were carried by using 548 kilometer railway. comparatively, tokyo has relatively less railway (149 km), but it carries most people per year about 1434 million people. similarly, the railway in los angeles is used effectively. people in los angeles use 14 km railway to carry 306 million people per year when it was built in 2001 firstly.

overall, the cities ,having the first railway and the longest railway, the railway of having the biggest carrying capacity, the most effective railway are london, tokyo, los angeles respectively

verson 113  task 1 看完给些意见。
there is a chart which illustrate the number of softwoods and hardwoods in new south wales, australia from 1990 to 1998, which  was divided into five short periods.
as we can see from the diagram, the number of softwoods increased steadily from the period of 1990-1991 to the period of 1996-1997, peaking at x1, and then decreased slightly in 1998. however, there was a slight increase in the number of hardwoods at the first three periods. by 1996 this trend continued to climb up at a quicker rate especially from 1997 to 1998 and reached a peak at x2.
obviously, the number of the hardwoods went up dramatically during the whole period while the corresponding data of the softwoods fluctuate slightly. i rather say, both the numbers of hardwoods and softwoods went up gradually the first 7 years, while softwoods come down to the level similar to that of the year before, noticeably, hardwoods multiplied its number to more than two time in 1998 than one year before


114  TASK 1
According to an investigation of girls and boys watching TV in a school day, we can see that fewer and fewer students have a chance to watch TV being face with a heavy school day.

It is shown in the table that about 50 percent of girls and boys can watch TV for 1 to 5 hours. Approximately 20 percent of girls have less than 1 hour to watch TV and the percentage of boys is much lower, which is almost the same as the situation of watching for 5 to 9 hours. We will be astonished to see that less than 5 percent of children have no time to watch TV but the same percentage of them have more than 9 hours to watch.

As is described in the table, we can find that the latest time is allowed for watching TV is centered on the time between 7:30pm to 11:00pm. Nearly 50 percent of children have to stop watching at 7:30pm to 9:30pm and 40 percent at 9:30pm to 11:00pm. Nevertheless, there are still a few students indulge in the TV world after 11:00pm.

关于V118task1美国黄石公园火灾范文
The flow diagram shows how a forest is regenerated in a national park after being destroyed by fire. The following report describes the process in greater detail.
First of all, the forest is hit by lightning and a fire breaks out. The fire spreads quickly because the trees are very close together and there are also old pieces of wood lying on the ground and as a result the forest is completely destroyed by the fire. However, after the forest has been burnt down the ash from the trees fertilizes the soil and creates ideal condition for plant growth.
In the next 50 years seedlings from the trees begin to grow and the trees continue to grow until the forest is back to its former state, which takes 300 or more years.
In conclusion, forests can regenerate themselves, but it takes a long time and as forests are important for the environment, their protection is also important.
118
小作文 
This is a flow chart that describes how the trees in the yellow stone park in the USA will be replanted. 
 After the light and fire had destroyed the trees, most of the trees became soil and dead wood gradually. Then some saplings were planted in the area which was destroyed by the light and fire. In the next 50 years, the young trees will grow slowly.
 Over the next 100 years, the trees will reproduce, the area of trees will expand extensively. By the next 150 to 300 years, the tree will become taller and thicker. 
 After the next 300 years, most of the trees will fully grow. A new forest will replace the old forest which was destroyed by the light and fire 300 years ago.  
118  TASK 1
From the above set of pictures, we can get the information clearly about the forest of Yellowstone Park after the big fire.

In the 50 years period after the huge disaster, the forest did not stop growing as people predicted before. The combination of the bad woods and soil and the sunshine from the sun offered a perfect condition to the surviving forest. These woods strongly grew up. Between 50 to 100 years after the fire, the woods chose by the nature, which means that just the big and strong woods had the right to live. The time of 100 to 300 years after it was a process of developing of the forest. Standing on the black land and under the blue sky, the woods were growing sturdy. Then, fewer and fewer woods survived, but they were the best.

I think there are tens of thousands of species on the world and they live in there own way, however, the game rule in the nature is same that is: The better would survive.